Fig. 1. (a) Schematic diagram of LIBT process; the side view of a 5 µL pure water droplet on the glass surface (b) before and (c) after the LIBT process; (d) the surface repelled a 5 µL droplet (laser power: 0.8 W; scanning interval: 10 µm). The green arrows represent the moving direction of the needle.

Fig. 2. Dependence of CAs on laser power at scanning intervals of (a) 10 µm, (b) 30 µm, (c) 50 µm, and (d) 70 µm (water droplet: 5 µL).

Fig. 3. Evolution of morphology and wetting ability of glass surface treated by the LIBT process with varied laser power and scanning intervals. Insets: SEM images with higher magnifications and snapshots of 5 µL water droplet on the glass surface along parallel (upper) and perpendicular (bottom) directions.

Fig. 4. (a) XPS analysis of the initial glass, pristine FEP, and the glass surfaces after the LIBT process at varied laser powers; curve fittings of C 1s peak for (b) pristine FEP and treated glass surfaces at the laser power of (c) 0.5 W and (d) 3 W.

Fig. 5. (a)–(c) Schematic illustrations of wetting states at different intervals. Top view of a water droplet on glass surface after LIBT process at (d) small and (g) large intervals; side view of water diffusion on glass surface in the direction (e), (h) parallel and (f), (i) perpendicular to scanning lines (HEB, high-energy barriers; LEB, low-energy barriers).