Chinese Journal of Lasers, Volume. 51, Issue 11, 1101008(2024)
Review of Development of Nd‑Doped Laser Glass in China
Figures & Tables(7)
![Development process of high-power laser devices mainly based on ICF at home and abroad[15]](/Images/icon/loading.gif){kind=icon}
Fig. 1. Development process of high-power laser devices mainly based on ICF at home and abroad[15]
Fig. 2. Laser neodymium glass for the application of high-power laser devices in China developed by Shanghai Institute of Optics and Mechanics
Table 1. Spectral and laser properties of Nd-doped borate glass,silicate glass and phosphate glass[6]
View tableTable 1. Spectral and laser properties of Nd-doped borate glass,silicate glass and phosphate glass[6]
Glass type Lifetime /μs Δλeff /nm Quantum efficiency /% Mass fraction of Nd2O3 /% Threshold /J Output energy /J Silicate 650 27 35 3.00 50 3.70 Phosphate 330 25 25 2.67 35 3.00 Borate 280 29 11 2.94 50 1.07
Table 2. Performance parameters of Nd-doped silicate glasses in China[1,16]
View tableTable 2. Performance parameters of Nd-doped silicate glasses in China[1,16]
Parameter N01 N02 N03 N04 N06 N07 N08 N09 N10 Density /（g/cm3） 2.90 2.87 2.51 2.49 2.52 2.52 2.80 2.50 2.52 Knoop hardness /（kgf/mm2） 560 560 606 615 623 557 551 533 585 Young’s modulus /GPa 67.9 72.0 75.9 72.7 81.0 64.7 64.7 68.7 75.0 Coefficient of thermal
expansion /（10-7/K）
（15‒200 ℃） 90 83 80 52 87 89 107 87 89 （15 ℃-Tg） 104 91 88 57 98 96 120 93 100 Glass transition temperature， Tg /℃ 500 560 590 590 555 405 545 620 525 Refractive Index at D-line， nD 1.5424 1.5413 1.5224 1.5021 1.5197 1.5054 1.5354 1.5176 1.5171 Abbe number， v 58.1 59.5 59.8 62.5 63.1 59.9 58.2 60.1 58.8 Refractive index at laser wavelength， n1.06 μm 1.5316 1.5307 1.5122 1.4923 1.5136 1.4953 1.5248 1.5076 1.5067 Temperature coefficient of refractive index， β /（10-6/K） -0.86 0.13 1.64 4.17 -0.20 0.20 -3.20 0.12 0.80 Temperature coefficient of the optical path length， W /（10-6/K） 4.0 4.6 5.8 6.8 4.3 4.5 2.5 4.6 5.4 Emission band width， /nm 38.0 36.0 39.5 37.0 36.0 33.5 40.0 36.0 37.0 Emission cross section /（10-20 cm2） 1.00 1.04 1.35 1.05 0.87 0.73 1.11 0.95 1.45 Main composition SKBa SBKBa SNKC SKC SBNK SNK SBaK SCK SCN
Table 3. Performance parameters of Nd-doped silicate glasses in the worldwide[17-19]
View tableTable 3. Performance parameters of Nd-doped silicate glasses in the worldwide[17-19]
Parameter O‒I Hoya Schott Kigre SIOM ED-2 LSG91H LG680 Q-246 N0330 N1130 N1230 Refractive index @587.3 nm， nd 1.567 1.5612 1.570 1.568 1.523 1.560 1.587 Refractive index @1.06 μm， n1.06 μm 1.5498 1.560 Nonlinear refractive index， n2 （10-13 esu） 1.55 1.58 1.60 1.4 Abbe number v 58.2 56.56 57.7 57.8 59.8 58.0 56.9 Temperature coefficient of refractive index， β /（10-6/K） 2.9 1.6 2.9 2.9 1.64 2.4 2.7 Temperature coefficient of the optical path length， W /
（10-6/K）
8.0 6.6 8.1 8.0 5.8 7.1 7.2 Emission cross section， σP /（10-20 cm2） 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.9 1.2 2.5 3.1 Emission band width， /nm 34.8 34.4 34.7 34.0 39.5 Emission band width， FWHM /nm 30.0 27.4 28.2 27.2 29.0 27 29 Thermal conductivity， k /［W/（m K）］ 1.35 1.03 1.35 1.30 Specific heat， Cp /［J/（gK）］ 0.63 0.92 0.93 Coefficient of thermal expansion at 20‒40 ℃ /（10-7/K） 93 105 93 90 86 105 115 Glass transition temperature， Tg /℃ 465 468 518 590 465 470 Density /（g/cm3） 2.55 2.81 2.54 2.55 2.51 2.61 2.79 Poisson’s ratio， μ 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.22 0.23 0.25 Young’s modulus， E /Gpa 91.89 88.90 91.9 85.7 74.0 88.6 94.2 Knoop hardness /（kgf/mm2） 599 590 599 600 615
Table 4. Performance parameters of Nd-doped phosphate laser glass in China
View tableTable 4. Performance parameters of Nd-doped phosphate laser glass in China
Parameter N21 N24 N31 N41 N51 NAP2 NAP4 JG-2 Emission cross section， σP /（10-20 cm2） 3.4 4.0 3.8 3.9 4.3 3.7 3.2 3.6 Fluorescence peak， λL /nm 1053 1054 1053 1053 1053 1052 1052 Emission band width， Δλeff /nm 24.0 25.5 25.5 25.4 24.5 25.4 28.5 21.8 Density， ρ /（g/cm3） 3.4 2.95 2.87 2.61 2.70 2.76 2.60 2.83 Refractive index at d-line， nd 1.574 1.543 1.540 1.5102 1.511 1.542 1.530 1.530 Refractive index at laser wavelength， nL 1.5652 1.535 1.504 1.505 1.537 1.515 1.520 Abbe number， ν 65.3 66.6 65.6 67.8 68.2 67.0 66.0 66.5 Nonlinear refractive index， n2 /（10-13 esu） 1.3 1.2 1.18 1.05 1.05 1.22 1.10 1.12 Glass transition temperature， Tg /℃ 500 370 450 467 408 500 545 485 Temperature coefficient of refractive index， dn/dT /（10-6/K） -4.2 -4.3 -5.6 -9.0 -0.89 1.9 -5.3 Temperature coefficient of the optical path length， dS/dT /（10-6/K） 1.9 1.4 0.3 -1.9 3.6 5.0 0.6 Coefficient of thermal expansion， α /（10-7/K） * 120 156 127 134 160 96 71 127** Thermal conductivity， k /［W/（mK）］ 0.55 0.63 0.60 0.51 0.76 0.88 0.58 Specific heat， Cp /［J/（gK）］ 0.75 0.68 0.78 0.66 0.757 0.775 0.75 Young's modulus， E /GPa 56.4 54.6 58.5 52.4 45.2 58 67 51.1 Knoop hardness， H /（kg/cm2） 650 404 347 302 382 549 350 Weight loss in water， Dw /（μg/cm2） 3 26 43 91 3 2
Table 5. Performance parameters of Nd-doped phosphate laser glass for high peak power laser at home and abroad
View tableTable 5. Performance parameters of Nd-doped phosphate laser glass for high peak power laser at home and abroad
Parameter SIOM CDGM Hoya Schott N31 N41 JG-2 LHG-8 LG770 Emission cross section， σp /（10-20 cm2） 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.9 Fluorescence peak， λL /nm 1053 1053 1053 1053 Emission band width， Δλeff /nm 25.5 25.4 26.5 25.4 Density， ρ /（g/cm3） 2.87 2.61 2.83 2.83 2.59 Refractive index at d-line， nd 1.540 1.5102 1.530 1.530 1.509 Refractive index at laser wavelength， nL 1.535 1.504 1.520 1.520 1.500 Abbe number， ν 65.6 67.8 66.5 66.5 68.4 Nonlinear refractive index， n2 /（10-13 esu） 1.18 1.05 1.12 1.12 1.02 Glass transition temperature， Tg /℃ 450 467 485 485 461 Temperature coefficient of refractive index， dn/dT/（10-6/K） -4.3 -5.6 -5.3 -5.3 -4.7 Temperature coefficient of the optical path length， dS/dT/（10-6/K） 1.4 0.3 0.6 0.6 1.1 Coefficient of thermal expansion， α /（10-7/K）* 127 134 127** 127*** 124*** Thermal conductivity， k /［W/（mK）］ 0.63 0.60 0.58 0.58 0.57 Specific heat， Cp /［J/（gK）］ 0.68 0.78 0.75 0.75 0.77 Young’s modulus， E /Gpa 58.5 52.4 51.1 51.1 47.3 Knoop hardness /（kgf/mm2） 404 347 350 343 358 Weight loss in water， Dw /（μg/cm2） 26 43
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Xin Wang, Lili Hu, Shubin Chen, Jingping Tang, Tao Meng, Wei Chen, Zean Weng, Huyu Chen, Junjiang Hu, Youkuo Chen, Biao Wang, Yongchun Xu, Dongbing He, Shunguang Li, Min Qian, Zhaosong Zou, Jimeng Cheng. Review of Development of Nd‑Doped Laser Glass in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2024, 51(11): 1101008
Paper Information
Category: laser devices and laser physics
Received: Feb. 15, 2024
Accepted: May. 6, 2024
Published Online: Jun. 6, 2024
The Author Email: Hu Lili (lhulili@siom.ac.cn)
CSTR:32183.14.CJL240589
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