Fig. 1. A flow chart of the developed dual-polarization common-path SPI with random-frequency-encoded time sequences in dynamic and complex scattering media where illumination and detection paths are severely distorted: (a) typical time sequences generated for each pixel along the time axis having random frequencies, (b) a designed common-path SPI scheme with dual polarizations (PBS, polarization beam splitter; DSM, dynamic scattering media), and (c) the object reconstruction process.

Fig. 2. Schematic of an experimental setup to validate the proposed method. Two lenses with the same focal length of 150.0 mm are used as a 4f system between the SLM and object, and are omitted for sake of brevity. QWP: quarter wave plate; BD: single-pixel bucket detector.

Fig. 3. Experimental results: (a) a reconstructed object image obtained by using the proposed method without any scattering media placed in the optical setup in Fig. 2, (b) a reconstructed object image obtained by using the proposed method through dynamic scattering media composed of the rotating diffuser and the water tank, and (c) a reconstructed object image after the further use of a mean filter to (b).

Fig. 4. Experimental results: (a)–(c) the reconstructed object images obtained by using the proposed method respectively at a sampling ratio of fmax, 2fmax, and 3fmax.

Fig. 5. Experimental results obtained by using random-frequency encoding and sequential-frequency encoding schemes in the proposed method: (a) a schematic of 2D patterns generated by using the random-frequency encoding scheme in the proposed method and (b) a reconstructed object image, and (c) a schematic of 2D patterns generated by using the sequential-frequency encoding scheme in the proposed method and (d) a reconstructed object image.

Fig. 6. The reconstructed object images obtained in experiments using (a) the DGI, (b) the FSI, (c) the STEP, and (d) a further removal of 128 pixels at the bottom of (c).

Fig. 7. The profiles along the line (indicated in insets) of the reconstructed object images with a target of (a) Group 2 Element 2 and (b) Group 2 Element 3.

Fig. 8. Experimental results: (a)–(d) the reconstructed object images obtained by using the proposed method.