Automatic Design of Dual-Focal Plane High Image Quality Augmented Reality Head-Up Display Optical System for Single-Optical Machine

Xiangxin Guo; Da Mu; Haolin Liu; Dingmeng Liu; Tengfei Zhang; Jie Yu

doi:10.3788/AOS241763

Acta Optica Sinica, Volume. 45, Issue 5, 0511001(2025)

Automatic Design of Dual-Focal Plane High Image Quality Augmented Reality Head-Up Display Optical System for Single-Optical Machine

Xiangxin Guo^1,2, Da Mu^1,2、*, Haolin Liu^1,2, Dingmeng Liu^1,2, Tengfei Zhang^1,2, and Jie Yu^1,2

Author Affiliations

¹School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, Jilin , China

²Institute of Photoelectric Measurement and Control Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, Jilin , China

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Figures & Tables(16)

Fig. 1. Sampling diagram of incident pupil plane characteristic light

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Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of ideal target point $I_{i, i d e a l}$ on image plane corresponding to characteristic ray from field of view angle $(ω_{x}, ω_{y})$

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Fig. 3. Define of wavefront plane and starting point of characteristic rays

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Fig. 4. Structure diagram of primary mirror

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Fig. 5. Freeform surface construction diagrams under full field of view. (a) Schematic diagram of mode of FOV expansion; (b) SSP surface construction diagram

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Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of secondary mirror structure

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Fig. 7. Optical path comparison between actual feature light and ideal paraxial light

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Fig. 8. Design process flow chart

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Fig. 9. Diagram of fitted windshield

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Fig. 10. Initial structure diagram of single-optical machine dual-optical AR-HUD

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Fig. 11. Schematic diagram of imaging performance and iterative optimization efficiency after algorithm construction. (a) Spot diagram after system construction; (b) mean RMS of spot radius of all sampled fields of view changing with iterations

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Fig. 12. Performance comparison of final AR-HUD system designed using SSP and XYP. (a) RMS of wavefront error after SSP design within eye pupil; (b) RMS of wavefront error after XYP design within eye pupil; (c) MTF after edge FOV SSP design; (d) MTF after XYP design with same edge FOV position; (e) the worst mesh distortion of edge FOV after SSP design; (f) the worst mesh distortion of rear edge FOV in XYP design

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Fig. 13. Final optimized design structure of dual-focal plane AR-HUD of single-optical machine

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Table 1. AR-HUD system parameters

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Table 1. AR-HUD system parameters

Parameter	Specification
Virtual image distance /m	10 (far field), 3.8 (near field)
Field of view /[(°)×(°)]	12×3.5 (far field), 6×2 (near field)
Look down angle /(°)	-0.5 (far field), -3 (near field)
Eye-box size /(mm×mm)	130×50
Eye-pupil size /mm	6
Image size /(mm×mm)	89.2×53.6
PGU size /(pixel×pixel)	1152×576
Distortion /%	<5

Table 2. Table of optical path structure parameters of AR-HUD system

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Table 2. Table of optical path structure parameters of AR-HUD system

Surface	Radius /mm	Interval /mm	Tilt around x /(°)	Tilt around y /(°)
Object field	—	Far field: -10000	—	—
Object field	—	Near field: -3800	—	—
Windshield	—	806.382	—	—
Dust cover	400.000	-222.628	40.000	0
Primary mirror	2114.468	-80.651	9.923	0
Secondary mirror	-392.711	135.461	3.103	-18.392
Image plane	—	Far field: 88.932 Near field: 61.092	Far field: 65.520 Near field: 62.261	Far field: 4.694 Near field: 3.022

Table 3. Parameter table of SSP of first 4 orders of primary mirror

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Table 3. Parameter table of SSP of first 4 orders of primary mirror

$A_{m, n}$	Coeﬃcient	$B_{m, n}$	Coeﬃcient
$A_{1,0}$	-0.178	$B_{1,0}$	-0.178
$A_{0,1}$	-0.745	$B_{0,1}$	-0.745
$A_{2,0}$	$1.289 \times 10^{- 3}$	$B_{2,0}$	$1.289 \times 10^{- 3}$
$A_{1,1}$	$- 4.654 \times 10^{- 5}$	$B_{1,1}$	$- 4.654 \times 10^{- 5}$
$A_{0,2}$	$1.232 \times 10^{- 3}$	$B_{0,2}$	$1.232 \times 10^{- 3}$
$A_{3,0}$	$2.042 \times 10^{- 8}$	$B_{3,0}$	$2.042 \times 10^{- 8}$
$A_{2,1}$	$- 1.026 \times 10^{- 6}$	$B_{2,1}$	$5.079 \times 10^{- 7}$
$A_{1,2}$	$- 1.123 \times 10^{- 6}$	$B_{1,2}$	$- 3.655 \times 10^{- 7}$
$A_{0,3}$	$- 2.051 \times 10^{- 6}$	$B_{0,3}$	$5.041 \times 10^{- 7}$
$A_{4,0}$	$9.267 \times 10^{- 10}$	$B_{4,0}$	$7.259 \times 10^{- 10}$
$A_{3,1}$	$- 1.271 \times 10^{- 10}$	$B_{3,1}$	$- 1.320 \times 10^{- 10}$
$A_{2,2}$	$7.841 \times 10^{- 9}$	$B_{2,2}$	$- 3.498 \times 10^{- 10}$
$A_{1,3}$	$9.258 \times 10^{- 9}$	$B_{1,3}$	$- 6.997 \times 10^{- 9}$
$A_{0,4}$	$6.053 \times 10^{- 9}$	$B_{0,4}$	$- 3.135 \times 10^{- 9}$

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Xiangxin Guo, Da Mu, Haolin Liu, Dingmeng Liu, Tengfei Zhang, Jie Yu. Automatic Design of Dual-Focal Plane High Image Quality Augmented Reality Head-Up Display Optical System for Single-Optical Machine[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2025, 45(5): 0511001

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Paper Information

Category: Imaging Systems

Received: Nov. 18, 2024

Accepted: Dec. 28, 2024

Published Online: Mar. 4, 2025

The Author Email: Mu Da (muda@cust.edu.cn)

DOI:10.3788/AOS241763

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology