[3] [3] Domingo I, Chieli A. Characterizing the pigments and paints of prehistoric artists[J]. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2021, 13: 196.

[4] [4] Ospitali F, Smith DC, Lorblanchet M. Preliminary investigations by Ramanmicroscopy of prehistoric pigments in the wall-painted cave at Roucadour, Quercy, France[J]. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 2006, 37(10): 1063-1071.

[5] [5] Edwards H G M, Drummond L, Russ J. Fourier transform Raman spectroscopic study of prehistoric rock paintings from the Big Bend region, Texas[J]. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 1999, 30(6): 421-428.

[6] [6] Hernanz A, Gavira-Vallejo J, Ruiz-Lopez J, et al. A comprehensive micro-Raman spectroscopic study of prehistoric rock paintings from the Sierra de las Cuerdas, Cuenca, Spain[J]. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 2008, 39(8): 972-984.

[7] [7] Lofrumento C, Ricci M, Bachechi L, et al. The first spectroscopic analysis of Ethiopian prehistoric rock painting[J]. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 2012, 43(6): 809-816.

[10] [10] Bell I M, Clark R J H, Gibbs P J. Raman spectroscopic library of natural and synthetic pigments (pre-≈ 1850 AD)[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 1997, 53(12): 2159-2179.

[11] [11] Burgio L, Clark R J H. Library of FT-Raman spectra of pigments, minerals, pigment media and varnishes, and supplement to existing library of Raman spectra of pigments with visible excitation[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2001, 57(7): 1491-1521.

[12] [12] Vandenabeele P, Edwards H G M, Moens L. A decade of Raman spectroscopy in art and archaeology[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2007, 107(3): 675-686.

[13] [13] Zuo J, Wang C S, Xu C Y, et al. Raman microscopy study of the pigments on the ancient wall painting from the large grave in Wanzhang (Hebel, China)[J]. Spectroscopy Letters, 1999, 32(5): 841-850.

[14] [14] Centeno A S. Identification of artistic materials in paintings and drawings by Raman spectroscopy: some challenges and future outlook[J]. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 2016, 47(1): 9-15.

[15] [15] Guo R, Feng J, Liu R L, et al. Rare colour in medieval China: Case study of yellow pigments on tomb mural paintings at Xi'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty[J]. Archaeometry, 2021, 64(3): 759-778.

[16] [16] Liu Z J, Yang R, Wang W H, et al. Multi-analytical approach to the mural painting from an ancient tomb of Ming Dynasty in Jiyuan, China: Characterization of materials and techniques[J]. SpectrochimicaActa. Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2022, 279: 121419.

[17] [17] Loeffler B M, Burns R G. Shedding light on the color of gems and minerals: The selective absorption of light according to wavelength—the result of various electronic processes whose energies correspond to certain wavelengths of visible light—gives minerals their distinctive hues[J]. American Scientist, 1976, 64(6): 636-647.

[18] [18] Mugnaini S, Bagnoli A, Bensi P, et al. Thirteenth century wall paintings under the Siena Cathedral (Italy). Mineralogical and petrographic study of materials, painting techniques and state of conservation[J]. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2006, 7(3): 171-185.

[19] [19] Hradil D, Hradilov J, Bezdika P, et al. Crocoite PbCrO4 and mimetite Pb5(AsO4)3Cl: Rare minerals in highly degraded mediaeval murals in Northern Bohemia[J]. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy. 2014, 45(9): 848-858.

[20] [20] Lei Z B, Wu W, Shang G H, et al. Study on coloured pattern pigments of a royal Taoist temple beside the Forbidden City (Beijing, China)[J]. Vibrational Spectroscopy, 2017, 92: 234-244.

[21] [21] Blansdorf C, Xia Y. A colourful world for the emperor's soul: The polychromy of the terracotta sculptures at Qin Shihuang's burial complex[J]. Studies in Conservation, 2006, 51(Supl 2): 177-183.

[25] [25] Levstik M G, Mladenovi A, Krinar A, et al. A Raman microspectroscopy-based comparison of pigments applied in two gothic wall paintings in Slovenia[J]. Periodico di Mineralogia, 2019, 88(1): 95-104.

[26] [26] Buisson N, Burlot D, Eristov H, et al. The tomb of the three brothers in Palmyra: The use of mimetite, a rare yellow pigment, in a rich decoration[J]. Archaeometry, 2015, 57(6): 1025-1044.

[27] [27] Holakooei P, Karimy A H. Early Islamic pigments used at the Masjid-iJame of Fahraj, Iran: A possible use of black plattnerite[J]. Journal of Archaeological Science, 2015, 54: 217-227.

[28] [28] Holakooei P, Karimy A H, Hasanpour A, et al. Micro-Raman spectroscopy in the identification of wulfenite and vanadinite in a Sasanian painted stucco fragment of the GhalehGuri in Ramavand, western Iran[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2016, 169: 169-174.

[29] [29] Holakooei P, Laprouse J F, Rugiadi M, et al. Early Islamic pigments at Nishapur, North-Eastern Iran: Studies on the painted fragments preserved at the Metropolitan Museum of art[J]. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2018, 10: 175-195.

[30] [30] Piovesan R, Maritan L, Neguer J. Characterizing the unique polychrome sinopia under the Lod Mosaic, Israel: Pigments and painting technique[J]. Journal of Archaeological Science, 2014, 46: 68-74.

[31] [31] Kakoulli I. Late Classical and Hellenistic painting techniques and materials: A review of the technical literature[J]. Studies in Conservation. 2002, 47(Sup.S1): 56-67.

[32] [32] Gliozzo E, Ionescu C. Pigments-Lead-based whites, reds, yellows and oranges and their alteration phases[J]. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2022, 14: 17.

[33] [33] Frost R L. Raman microscopy of selected chromate minerals[J]. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 2004, 35(2): 153-158.

[34] [34] Frost R L, Crane M, Williams P A, et al. Isomorphic substitution in vanadinite [Pb5(VO4)3Cl]—A Raman spectroscopic study[J]. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 2003, 34(3): 214-220.

[35] [35] Database of Raman Spectra, X-ray Diffraction and Chemistry Data for Minerals[DB/OL]. Available online: https://rruff.info/.