The variety breeding work has a basic supporting role and a promoting effect on the quality and efficiency of the Dendrobium officinale industry. The morphological traits （biological characteristics）， quality traits （active ingredient content） and regional adaptability （stress resistance） of 6 high?quality provenances of Dendrobium officinale were systematically studied. The differences among different geographical provenances were compared， and the screening system of excellent varieties was established by analytic hierarchy process. The experimental data showed that the stem components of different germplasms of Dendrobium officinale were different ：R1 germplasm presented the highest polysaccharide accumulation （30.41%）， R2 germplasm possessed the maximum mannose content （25.47%） while R5 germplasm had significantly higher crude fiber content （8.21%） than other seed sources. Under the conditions of natural low temper?ature in winter， R6 germplasm showed the best stress resistance， with a frost damage index of only 6.19 and a single clump sprouting of 8 new shoots， demonstrating strong ecological adaptability. Through the comprehensive evaluation of analytic hierarchy process （AHP）， R1 germplasm obtained the highest score （8.860 2） in the development dimension of fresh food products， while R6 was the best germplasm of potted type and obtained the comprehensive evaluation value of 9.673 8， which became the preferred material for horticultural cultivation. Through comprehensive evaluation， the best target varieties suitable for the production of Dendrobium medicinal materials were screened out， which laid a foundation for the breeding and cultivation of new high?quality resources.