Fig. 1. E-pH diagram of Cu and Ti

Fig. 2. SEM images of powders used in laser cladding. (a) Cu powder; (b) Ti powder; (c) SEM image of Cu-Ti mixed powder; (d) EDS image of Cu-Ti mixed powder

Fig. 3. Flow for preparation of porous Ti-based electrodes via laser cladding and dealloying composite process

Fig. 4. Macroscopic images of Cu-Ti alloys with different compositions prepared by laser cladding

Fig. 5. XRD spectra of Cu-Ti alloys with different compositions prepared by laser cladding

Fig. 6. Anodic polarization curves of Cu-Ti alloys with inset illustrating schematic of active dissolution potential (E_a), passivation potential (E_p), and overpassivation potential (E_t) in polarization curve

Fig. 7. Comparison of constant potential treatment results for Cu-Ti alloys with different compositions. (a) Cu₆₈Ti₃₂ treated at 1.0 V for 7 h; (b) Cu₃₃Ti₆₇ treated at 1.8 V for 21 h; (c) Cu₂₈Ti₇₂ treated at 2.0 V for 21 h

Fig. 8. Relationship between characteristic potential and alloy composition of Cu-Ti alloy

Fig. 9. Photocatalytic performance of Cu₆₈Ti₃₂ porous structure. (a) Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum; (b) instantaneous photocurrent without bias; (c) instantaneous photocurrent at 0.3 V bias; (d) Nyquist plot