A method for identifying position-dependent geometric errors （PDGEs） of rotary axes in five-axis machine tools is proposed， employing dual-feature grooves. This approach entails machining two distinct types of feature grooves on a cubic workpiece and implementing four measurement modes to facilitate high-precision identification of rotary axis geometric errors. Unlike conventional feature workpieces， the proposed design does not impose stringent requirements on groove depth and length， thereby substantially reducing material removal while mitigating the effects of cutting forces， thermal deformation， and linear axis errors on measurement outcomes. Furthermore， the identification model is designed to amplify the influence of angular error motions， diminishing the impact of measurement uncertainty on identification accuracy and enhancing result reliability. Comparative experiments with the T-block identification method confirm the method’s accuracy， demonstrating a maximum deviation of 2.7 μm for displacement error identification and -2.3″ for angular error identification， with an average consistency of 93.6% between the two methods.