Fig. 1. Framework of our method

Fig. 2. Four categories of sample images at 557.7 nm

Fig. 3. CNN with attribute constraints

Fig. 4. Feature maps of facula attributes learned from our network. (a) Arc image; (b) hot-spot image; (c) arc feature map; (d) hot-spot feature map

Fig. 5. Classification accuracy of aurora images with different ω

Fig. 6. Comparison of classification accuracy on aurora sequences

Fig. 7. Distribution of four kinds of aurora