Fig. 1. Imaging model is the comprehensive impact of the target scene, PSF, and noise.

Fig. 2. Schematic layout of the proposed optical system.

Fig. 3. MTF performance at 633 nm of the exemplary design using the joint method before digital processing.

Fig. 4. (a) Spot diagram of the quasi-monochromatic design using the proposed joint method. (b) Spot diagram of the visible spectrum using the conventional design method. The scale difference shows the considerable chromatic aberrations that are unnecessary to correct by using the proposed joint method.

Fig. 5. Classic design using Wynne’s method^[5] to achieve a comparable design under the same specifications in Table 1.

Fig. 6. Spot diagram of the visible spectrum using Wynne’s design after optimization.

Fig. 7. Performance comparison of the conventional and our designs. (a) Raw image simulated with the proposed design. (b) Image simulated with Wynne’s design. (c) Final corrected image with the proposed method. All of the results are simulated in Zemax with the image simulation function. Our joint design results outperform the conventional Wynne design.

Fig. 8. Standard ISO 12233 charts of (a) the simulated image and (b) the deconvolved image.

Fig. 9. MTF performance of (a) the simulated image and (b) the deconvolved image.