NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES, Volume. 48, Issue 3, 030501(2025)

Simulation calculation of DNA damage induced by high-energy protons and heavy ions in space

Jie QI* and Qingqian YAN
Author Affiliations
  • Department of Occupational Radiological Health, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210003, China
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    Figures & Tables(12)
    The energy distribution and flux share of the main particle types in galactic cosmic rays of solar minimum(a) Protons, (b) Helium ions, (c) Carbon ions, (d) Iron ions
    Energy spectra comparison of proton in galactic cosmic rays of solar minimum and maximum(a) Solar minimum, (b) Solar maximum
    The variation of the linear energy transfer (LET) of six types of radiation particles with increasing energy
    The yield of SSBs induced by monoenergetic radiation particles at different energies(a) Protons, (b) Helium ions, (c) Carbon ions, (d) Oxygen ions, (e) Silicon ions, (f) Iron ions
    The yield of DSBs induced by monoenergetic radiation particles at different energies
    RBEDSB of six 1 000 MeV high-energy radiation particles under 21% and 2% oxygen concentrations
    Differential energy spectrum of typical solar proton event
    • Table 1. Evaluation methods for different types of DNA damage in MCDS

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      Table 1. Evaluation methods for different types of DNA damage in MCDS

      团簇类型Cluster type判定方法Assessment method
      碱基损伤(BD)一个或多个碱基损伤(没有链断裂)One or more Bd (no Sb)
      单链断裂(SSB)链断裂(无附加损伤)Sb (no auxilary damage)
      SSB+同一条链上断裂两个位点 Two Sb on the same strand
      2SSB相对链上超过两个断裂位点(距离至少10个碱基对)Two or more Sb on opposite strands separated by at least 10 base pair (bp)
      双链断裂(DSB)相对链上两个断裂位点(距离不超过10个碱基对)Two Sb on opposite strands with a separation ≤ 10 bp
      DSB+双链断裂再加距离小于10个碱基对的一个或多个额外的链断裂位点DSB accompanied by one (or more) additional Sb within 10 bp separation
      DSB++在10个碱基对间隔内或是更远的距离内,不止一个双链断裂More than one DSB whether within the 10 bp separation or further apart
    • Table 2. The yield of DNA damage induced by 1 000 MeV high-energy particles at an oxygen concentration of 2% and the difference between the results obtained at an oxygen concentration of 21%

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      Table 2. The yield of DNA damage induced by 1 000 MeV high-energy particles at an oxygen concentration of 2% and the difference between the results obtained at an oxygen concentration of 21%

      离子类型Particle typesDSBs / cell-1·Gy-1SSBs / cell-1·Gy-1OTHER / cell-1·Gy-1TOTAL / cell-1·Gy-1
      质子Protons21%4.87×1011.12×1032.55×1033.72×103
      2%4.10×1011.04×1032.42×1033.50×103
      差异Difference / %-14.23-7.14-5.10-5.91
      氦离子Helium ions21%5.00×1011.12×1032.52×1033.69×103
      2%4.21×1011.04×1032.39×1033.47×103
      差异Difference / %-15.8-7.14-5.16-5.96
      碳离子Carbon ions21%7.48×1011.02×1031.95×1033.05×103
      2%6.37×1019.59×1021.90×1032.92×103
      差异Difference / %-14.84-5.98-2.56-4.26
      氧离子Oxygen ions21%9.77×1019.21×1021.48×1032.50×103
      2%8.59×1018.82×1021.48×1032.45×103
      差异Difference / %-12.08-4.230.00-2.00
      硅离子Silicon ions21%1.51×1026.06×1025.85×1021.34×103
      2%1.49×1026.06×1025.92×1021.35×103
      差异Difference / %-1.320.00+1.20+0.75
      铁离子Iron ions21%1.68×1023.97×1022.73×1028.38×102
      2%1.68×1023.97×1022.73×1028.38×102
      差异Difference / %0.000.000.000.00
    • Table 3. Number of DSBs induced by 137Cs particles under different oxygen concentrations

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      Table 3. Number of DSBs induced by 137Cs particles under different oxygen concentrations

      氧浓度

      Oxygen concentration / %

      DSBs数目Number of DSBs/ cell-1·Gy-1
      0.0117.50
      0.120.90
      136.02
      241.20
      545.85
      1047.78
      2148.94
      5049.60
    • Table 4. The yield of SSBs and DSBs, RBEDSB induced by the major radiation particles in galactic cosmic rays during solar minimum and maximum

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      Table 4. The yield of SSBs and DSBs, RBEDSB induced by the major radiation particles in galactic cosmic rays during solar minimum and maximum

      粒子类型

      Particle types

      氧浓度

      Oxygen concentration / %

      SSBs数目

      Number of SSBs / cell-1·Gy-1

      DSBs数目

      Number of DSBs / cell-1·Gy-1

      RBEDSB
      太阳极小时Solar minimum质子Protons211.12×1034.91×1011.00
      21.04×1034.13×1011.00
      氦离子Helium ions211.11×1035.14×1011.05
      21.03×1034.33×1011.05
      碳离子Carbon ions211.04×1036.87×1011.40
      29.77×1025.88×1011.43
      铁离子Iron ions216.36×1021.44×1022.94
      26.32×1021.40×1023.40
      太阳极大时Solar maximum质子Protons21λ1=1.01λ2=0.96λ3=0.96
      2λ1=1.01λ2=0.96λ3=0.96
    • Table 5. The yield of DNA damage and RBEDSB induced by typical solar proton event

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      Table 5. The yield of DNA damage and RBEDSB induced by typical solar proton event

      氧浓度Oxygen concentration / %DSBs / cell-1·Gy-1SSBs / cell-1·Gy-1OTHER / cell-1·Gy-1TOTAL / cell-1·Gy-1RBEDSB
      21%85.419.66×1021.77×1032.82×1031.75
      2%75.969.16×1021.72×1032.72×1031.84
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    Jie QI, Qingqian YAN. Simulation calculation of DNA damage induced by high-energy protons and heavy ions in space[J]. NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES, 2025, 48(3): 030501

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    Paper Information

    Category: NUCLEAR PHYSICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH

    Received: Sep. 6, 2024

    Accepted: --

    Published Online: Apr. 15, 2025

    The Author Email: QI Jie (3090305586@qq.com)

    DOI:10.11889/j.0253-3219.2025.hjs.48.240354

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