Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 57, Issue 13, 130005(2020)
Research Progress of Φ-OTDR Distributed Optical Fiber Acoustic Sensor
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![Φ-OTDR optical fiber distributed sensing system based on high power ultra-narrow linewidth single mode fiber laser[12]](/Images/icon/loading.gif){kind=icon}
Fig. 4. Φ-OTDR optical fiber distributed sensing system based on high power ultra-narrow linewidth single mode fiber laser[12]
Fig. 8. Distributed disturbance sensing system with super long monitoring distance[28]
Fig. 14. Block diagram of PGC demodulation algorithm based on asymmetric processing
Table 1. Development of direct detection structures
View tableTable 1. Development of direct detection structures
Year Reference Feature Main indicator 1998 Ref. [9] Set up the first Φ-OTDR for direct detection 6 km sensing fiber 400 m spatial resolution 2003 Ref. [10] Combined with M-Z interferometer using erbium-doped fiber laser source 12 km sensing fiber, 1 km positioning accuracy, 5.6 dB SNR 2005 Ref. [11] Improved erbium-doped fiber laser source 19 km sensing fiber,200 m spatial resolution 2008 Ref. [12] Using high-power ultra-narrow linewidth single-mode fiber laser 14 km sensing fiber, 50 m positioning accuracy,12 dB SNR 2009 Ref. [13] Combining two-way Raman amplification technology with M-Z interferometer, and using FRP to encapsulate special fiber 62 km sensing distance, 100 m spatial resolution 2013 Ref. [14] Short distance, high accuracy 1.25 km sensing fiber,monitor 39.5 kHz signal, 5 m spatial resolution 2015 Ref. [15] Usethree circulators at the same time 66.92 km monitoring distance 2015 Ref. [16] Using Michelson interferometer 10 km sensing fiber,6 m spatial resolution, 30.45 dB SNR 2015 Ref. [17] Using 3×3 Michelson interferometer 29.6 dB SNR,multi-signal detection within 200 m 2017 Ref. [18] Application in water pipeline inspection 96.7% leak recognition rate 2018 Ref. [19] Combined with Gaussian model positioning scheme to achieve adaptive vibration positioning 9.8 km sensing fiber, 5 m spatial resolution, 5-2.5 kHz frequency range, 1 Hz resolution 2018 Ref. [20] Practical research on urban water pipeline monitoring 2 km sensing fiber, 10 m spatial resolution, worked in both water and soil 2019 Ref. [21] Application on coalbed methane pipeline 10 km pipeline, 20 m spatial resolution
Table 2. Development of heterodyne detection structure
View tableTable 2. Development of heterodyne detection structure
Year Reference Feature Main indicator 2005 Ref. [6] Propose and build Φ-OTDR for heterodyne detection structure 1.2 km sensing fiber,5 m spatial resolution 2011 Ref. [22] Based on polarization maintaining and using linear induction fiber 1 m spatial resolution 2011 Ref. [23] Based on digital coherent detection 3.5 km sensing fiber 2012 Ref. [24] Using phase-shifted double pulse technique and unbalanced Michelson interferometer 4 km sensing fiber,20 dB SNR 2012 Ref. [25] Combined with wavelet transform technology, using two erbium-doped fiber amplifiers 1 km sensing fiber,0.5 m spatial resolution,20 Hz-8 kHz frequency response 2013 Ref. [26] Using 3×3 coupler, cross multiplication and resolver 1 km sensing fiber,2 m spatial resolution,500 Hz-5 kHz frequency range,tracks trains up to 360 km/h 2013 Ref. [27] Using M-Z interferometer and two acousto-optic modulators 1150 m monitoring scope,6.3 MHz frequency range 2014 Ref. [28] Ultra-long monitoring distance 128 km sensing fiber,15 m spatial resolution 2014 Ref. [29] Combining anti-pumped first-order Raman amplification technology, anti-pumped Brillouin amplification technology, and co-pumped second-order Raman amplificationtechnology 175 km sensing fiber,25 m spatial resolution 2017 Ref. [30] Using an unbalanced 3×3 Michelson interferometer 56 dB SNR,50-2075 Hz frequency range 2017 Ref. [31] Using frequency sweep pulse technology 19.8 km sensing fiber,30 cm spatial resolution 2019 Ref. [32] Using phase difference method and two laser light sources 45 km sensing fiber,10 cm spatial resolution,37.7 dB SNR 2019 Ref. [33] Using PDM-BDSK code and M-Z interferometer Long distance, high sensitivity, high bandwidth 2019 Ref. [34] Application of Michelson interferometer to GIL discharge positioning system Overcome the intrusiveness, high cost, and low resolution of traditional systems
Table 3. Development of phase demodulation algorithms
View tableTable 3. Development of phase demodulation algorithms
Year Reference Feature Breakthrough 1982 Ref. [37] First proposed homodyne passive demodulation Pioneer in passive homodyne demodulation 1982 Ref. [45] Propose using 3×3 coupler for signal demodulation Pioneer in 3×3 coupler demodulation 1982 Ref. [46] Constructingfiber interferometer structure with 3×3 coupler Verified 3×3 coupler demodulation 2001 Ref. [49] Applied for "digital quadrature amplitude modulation patent" Manufacturing of a fully digital QAM modulator 2006 Ref. [38] Developed PGC digital demodulation system Avoid noise from analog circuits and improve signal-to-noise ratio 2010 Ref. [39] Proposed the PGC-DSM algorithm Improve signal-to-noise ratio and reduce harmonic distortion 2013 Ref. [27] Applying 3×3 coupler method to Φ-OTDR system 2 m spatial resolution,excellent real-time responsiveness 2016 Ref. [40] Application of phase homodyne demodulation technology to optical fiber distributed acoustic sensing system Achieved a phase sensitivity level of -151 dB at 600 Hz and a minimum sound pressure of 6 Pa 2015 Ref. [16] Combining PGC-Arctan demodulation technology with unbalanced Michelson interferometer 10 km sensing fiber,6 m spatial resolution,30.45 dB SNR 2015 Ref. [17] Applying 3×3 coupler method to Φ-OTDR system Realize multi-point simultaneous measurement and underwater measurement 2015 Ref. [41] Introducing anti-aliasing filters to improve the PGC-DSM algorithm Reduce the minimum sampling rate and memory usage 2016 Ref. [42] Propose PGC-RCM demodulation algorithm and PGC demodulation algorithm based on asymmetric processing RCM enhances compensation for light intensity interference, visibility and modulation depth. Asymmetric processing of the PGC demodulation algorithm requires simple optical paths, reducing the effects of light intensity and modulation depth 2016 Ref. [50] Applying IQ algorithm based on 90 ° optical mixing to Φ-OTDR system 10 m spatial resolution,34.1 dB SNR 2016 Ref. [51] Combining BPSK and QPSK encoding with IQ demodulation technology Achieved an ultra-high 2.5 cm spatial resolution 2017 Ref. [31] Combining the 3×3 coupler method with a table lookup method Signal-to-noise ratio above 56 dB and frequency response range of 2 kHz 2017 Ref. [52] Derive a pair of IQ signals directly from the light intensity signal Only IQ demodulation algorithm that can be used for purely direct detection structures 2018 Ref. [43] Propose PGC-DMS demodulation algorithm, combined with dual pulse probe Achieved 24 dB SNR 2018 Ref. [48] A four-way detection system is used based on the 3×3 coupler method demodulation Improved the linearity of demodulation without changing the spatial resolution 2018 Ref. [53] Applying digital IQ demodulation algorithm to Φ-OTDR system based on single frequency drift compensation Successfully restore the weak low frequency signal of 5.89 nε, 0.05 Hz 2018 Ref. [54] Propose IQ demodulation algorithm based on clock homology Effectively improve demodulation efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio
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Haoyu Ma, Xiaxiao Wang, Fu Ma, Jia Yu. Research Progress of Φ-OTDR Distributed Optical Fiber Acoustic Sensor[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2020, 57(13): 130005
Paper Information
Category: Reviews
Received: Mar. 13, 2020
Accepted: Mar. 23, 2020
Published Online: Jul. 9, 2020
The Author Email: Fu Ma (mafu19940927@buaa.edu.cn)
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