Fig. 1. TC4 titanium alloy workpiece after high temperature oxidation

Fig. 2. Micromorphologies of oxide layer on the surface of TC4 titanium alloy

Fig. 3. EDS spectrum of surface oxide layer of TC4 titanium alloy

Fig. 4. XRD analysis of surface oxide layer on TC4 titanium alloy

Fig. 5. Molten pool movement and molten splash recorded in the high speed camera equipment. (a) t=441.944 ms;(b) t=442.222 ms; (c) t=442.500 ms; (d) t=443.056 ms

Fig. 6. Removal of oxide layer recorded in the high speed camera equipment. (a) t=265.833 ms; (b) t=1356.667 ms

Fig. 7. Macroscopic morphologies of the sample surface after laser cleaning with A1 and A2 parameters. (a) S1 sample; (b) S2 sample

Fig. 8. Boundary microstructure and EDS line scanning curves of S1 sample

Fig. 9. Boundary microstructure and EDS line scanning curves of S2 sample

Fig. 10. Macromorphologies of samples treated by traditional cleaning methods.

Fig. 11. Micromorphologies of samples treated by traditional cleaning methods. (a) Abrading sample; (b) pickling sample

Fig. 12. Comparison of surface oxygen mass fraction of samples treated by different methods

Fig. 13. Three-dimensional surface morphologies of samples. (a) S1 sample; (b) S2 sample; (c) abrading sample; (d) pickling sample

Fig. 14. Profile changes of sample intercepted surface after cleaning by different methods

Fig. 15. Hardness distribution cloud diagrams of sample surface after cleaning by different methods. (a) S1 sample; (b) S2 sample (c) abrading sample; (d) pickling sample