We recently designed a novel on-chip photonic chip based on the chalcogenide glass material (ChG)-Ge₂₆Sb₁₀S₆₄ (GeSbS) to satisfy the demands of optical information processing, optical sensing, and integrated system applications. Chalcogenide glass possesses unique advantages, such as a high photoelastic coefficient, a low transmission loss, an ultra-wide transparency window, and an easy on-chip hybrid integration process. These advantages confer significant benefits upon chalcogenide photonic integrated devices in terms of efficiency in optical sensing applications, thereby facilitating multifunctional integration and resulting in excellent sensing performance. This study combines the characteristics of chalcogenide materials to develop various ChG-based hybrid integrated chips and provides a review of their applications in ultrasonic signal detection, optoacoustic imaging, and acousto-optic modulation. Finally, this study discusses the challenges faced by chalcogenide photonic integrated devices and prospects for future research.