Fig. 1. 3D light field reconstruction process of the real scene and contrast at different DOF.

Fig. 2. LBs mapping of voxel A.

Fig. 3. (a) Optical path at 0° incidence angle without aberration; (b) optical path at 0° incidence angle in actual situations; (c) intensity distribution of ideal lens and actual lens at 0° incidence angle; (d) variation in DALB with increasing incidence angle.

Fig. 4. Influence of three types of aberrations.

Fig. 5. Three optimized optical structures and the initial structure of the compound lens.

Fig. 6. Design of the optimized compound lens. (a) Parameter description; (b) light-path distribution.

Fig. 7. Change in the DALB of different incident angles of five kinds of lenses with the subpixel size of 0.05 mm in the (a) central viewing area and (b) peripheral viewing area.

Fig. 8. (a) Configuration of the experimental 3D LFD system; (b) structural diagram of the proposed compound lens array.

Fig. 9. Comparison of different views of the displayed 3D effects based on (a) the proposed DALB-limited compound lens array (see Visualization 1) and (b) the traditional single-lens array.

Fig. 10. Confirmation experiments of DOF. (a) Arranged 3D scene; (b) displayed light-field image based on single-lens array and proposed compound lens array.