Effect of Solute Redistribution Coefficient on Solute Distribution in Laser Cladding

Caowei Zhang; Honghao Ge; Hao Fang; Qunli Zhang; Jianhua Yao

doi:10.3788/CJL202249.0202012

Chinese Journal of Lasers, Volume. 49, Issue 2, 0202012(2022)

Effect of Solute Redistribution Coefficient on Solute Distribution in Laser Cladding

Caowei Zhang^1,1,2, Honghao Ge^1,1,2、*, Hao Fang^1,1,2, Qunli Zhang^1,1,2, and Jianhua Yao^1,1,2

Author Affiliations

¹College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China

¹Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China

²Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Laser Manufacturing Equipment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China

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Figures & Tables(15)

Fig. 1. Schematic of laser cladding

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Fig. 2. Growth schematic of dendrite in solid tip grid

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Fig. 3. Grid distribution and boundary conditions of computational domain

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Fig. 4. Schematic of computation domain evolution in laser cladding process

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Fig. 5. Evolution of temperature field during laser cladding. (a)(c) Dynamic solute redistribution coefficient solidification model; (d)(f) constant solute redistribution coefficient solidification model

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Fig. 6. Molten pool morphologies during laser cladding (t＝2.1 s). (a) Dynamic solute redistribution coefficient solidification model; (b) constant solute redistribution coefficient solidification model; (c) experimental molten pool morphology

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Fig. 7. Schematic of solute redistribution coefficient during non-equilibrium solidification

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Fig. 8. Simulated flow field distribution (t＝2.1 s). (a) Dynamic solute redistribution coefficient solidification model; (b) constant solute redistribution coefficient solidification model

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Fig. 9. Simulated Cr element distribution. (a) Dynamic solute redistribution coefficient solidification model; (b) constant solute redistribution coefficient solidification model; (c) metallographic microstructure of samples; (d) point 　　locations in y direction for EDS analysis; (e) point locations in x direction for EDS analysis

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Fig. 10. Comparison of simulated and experimental Cr element distributions in y direction. (a) Dynamic solute redistribution coefficient solidification model; (b) constant solute redistribution coefficient solidification model

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$Error between Cr mass fractions simulated by two models and experimental data$

Fig. 11. Error between Cr mass fractions simulated by two models and experimental data

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$Comparison between Cr mass fractions in x direction simulated by two models and experimental data$

Fig. 12. Comparison between Cr mass fractions in x direction simulated by two models and experimental data

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Table 1. Chemical composition of 45 steel and 316L stainless steel powder
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Table 1. Chemical composition of 45 steel and 316L stainless steel powder
Material Mass fraction /%
C Si Mn Cr Ni Mo Fe
45 steel 0.45 0.20 0.60 Bal.
316L stainless steel powder 0.02 0.55 1.55 16.0 10.0 2.08 Bal.

Table 2. Thermophysical parameters used in numerical simulation^[22-24]

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Table 2. Thermophysical parameters used in numerical simulation^[22-24]

Parameter	Value
Reference density ρ_ref /(kg·m^－3)	8000
Specific heat c_p /(J·kg^－1·K^－1)	500
Melting point T_f /K	1805.15
Thermal conductivity of solid k_s /(W·m^－1·K^－1)	19.2
Effective thermal conductivity of liquid k_l /(W·m^－1·K^－1)	209.2
Latent heat Δh_f /(J·kg^－1)	250000
Viscosity μ_l /(kg·m^－1·s^－1)	0.0042
Primary dendrite arm spacing λ_l /m	8.0×10^－6
Volume heat-transfer coefficient H^* /(W·m^－2·K^－1)	1.0×10⁹
Temperature coefficient of surface tension ∂γ/∂T /(N·m^－1·K^－1)	－4.3×10^－4
Equilibrium partition coefficient k_e /	0.86
Interfacial diffusion coefficient D_i /(m²·s^－1)	3.0×10^－9
Solid-liquid interface width δ_i /nm	50

Table 3. Predicted cladding layer height and molten pool depth by the two model at different time points

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Table 3. Predicted cladding layer height and molten pool depth by the two model at different time points

Time /s	Cladding height /mm		Molten pool depth/mm
Time /s	Dynamic solute redistribution coefficient solidification model	Constant solute redistribution coefficient solidification model	Dynamic solute redistribution coefficient solidification model	Constant solute redistribution coefficient solidification model
1.7	0.378	0.375	0.736	0.746
2.1	0.380	0.386	0.724	0.737
2.5	0.382	0.378	0.728	0.743

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Caowei Zhang, Honghao Ge, Hao Fang, Qunli Zhang, Jianhua Yao. Effect of Solute Redistribution Coefficient on Solute Distribution in Laser Cladding[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2022, 49(2): 0202012

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