Fig. 1. (a) Practical morphology[15] and (b) 3D simplified model of neurons

Fig. 2. (a) 2D and (b) 3D unwrapping phases of neuron model along z axis

Fig. 3. Phase of neuron. (a) Gradient distribution; (b) absolute value of gradient; (c) horizontal gradient curve

Fig. 4. Refractive index distribution through live neuron

Fig. 5. (a)-(h) Phases with neuron refractive indexes in range of 1.356-1.367; (i) relationship between phase value of monitoring point and refractive index

Fig. 6. (a) Model, (b) wrapped phase, and (c) unwrapped phase of neuron before compensation; (d) model, (e) wrapped phase, and (f) unwrapped phase of neuron after compensation

Fig. 7. Nucleus and mitochondria in sample. (a) Unwrapped phase; (b) optical thickness; (c) physical thickness; (d) verification of predicted result

Fig. 8. Nucleus and mitochondria of neuronal substructure. (a)-(h) Phases with refractive index variation of cytoplasm; (i) relationship between phase value of monitoring point and difference of refractive index