Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) possesses both biocompatibility and environmental friendliness, and holds the potential to become a novel ultraviolet (UV) absorbent material following iron doping modification. This study employed co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods to prepare iron-doped nano-hydroxyapatite (Fe-nHAP). Influence of the preparation process on UV absorption performance was investigated by adjusting reaction time, temperature, and iron doping ratio. The results indicate that with the increase of temperature from 37 ℃ to 150 ℃ or the extension of reaction time from 0.5 h to 3 h, both the crystallinity and the peak of UV absorption improve. It can be inferred that there is a certain positive correlation between the UV absorption performance and crystallinity of Fe-nHAP. Additionally, the UV absorption capacity is closely correlated to the iron doping ratio. As the iron doping molar ratio increases from 0 to 10%, the UV absorption capacity is gradually enhanced, with the maximum absorption value rising from 0.03 to 1.35. This phenomenon is attributed to the reduction in optical bandgap caused by iron doping. However, a high iron doping ratio leads to excessive reduction in material crystallinity, resulting in weakened enhancement of UV absorption performance. The safety assessment indicates that Fe-nHAP with an iron doping molar ratio of 7% does not demonstrate cytotoxicity, phototoxicity and skin irritation. In summary, Fe-nHAP has a suitable UV absorption performance. With its favorable biosecurity, it is anticipated to emerge as a new type of UV absorption material.