Fig. 1. Composition of the gear visual inspection instrument. (a) Gear accuracy measuring system; (b) gear defect inspection system

Fig. 2. CVGM fine module gear measuring system. (a) CVGM software; (b) CVGM instrument

Fig. 3. Gear integrated error analysis based on vision measurement

Fig. 4. Conveyor belt gear visual inspection system^[12]

Fig. 5. Gear visual inspection equipment using manipulator and automatic device

Fig. 6. Gear visual inspection and sorting system with glass turntable^[13]

Fig. 7. Software interface of on-line inspection and sorting system for injection molded plastic gears

Fig. 8. Tooth profile extraction based on Canny operator

Fig. 9. Sub-pixel edge processing

Fig. 10. Gear defect feature extraction and pattern recognition^[36]

Fig. 11. Integrated error curve of bidirectional section obtained by CVGM

Fig. 12. Calibration of image acquisition system and “virtual gear artifact” of CVGM. (a) Calibration piece; (b) virtual gear template

Fig. 13. Types of gear defects