Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of Raman spectrum sample acquisition and model training process

Fig. 2. Raman spectra of some hazardous chemicals. (a) CH₃OH; (b) C₇H₈; (c) CH₂O; (d) C₂H₆O₂; (e) C₂H₅NH₂; (f) CH₃CN; (g) C₆H₁₂; (h) H₂SO₄; (i) HNO₃; (j) KNO₃

Fig. 3. Raman spectra of CH₃OH and NH₄NO₃. (a) CH₃OH; (b) NH₄NO₃

Fig. 4. Structure of VGG network

Fig. 5. Sturctures of proposed model. (a) SE-VGG model; (b) SE module

Fig. 6. Variation curves of accuracy for four models

Fig. 7. ROC curves of four models. (a) LCNN; (b) MCNN; (c) VGG; (d) SE-VGG

Fig. 8. Performance indicators of LCNN, MCNN, VGG, and SE-VGG models