High-precision whispering gallery microsensors with ergodic spectra empowered by machine learning

Bing Duan; Hanying Zou; Jin-Hui Chen; Chun Hui Ma; Xingyun Zhao; Xiaolong Zheng; Chuan Wang; Liang Liu; Daquan Yang

doi:10.1364/PRJ.464133

Photonics Research, Volume. 10, Issue 10, 2343(2022)

High-precision whispering gallery microsensors with ergodic spectra empowered by machine learning

Bing Duan^1、†, Hanying Zou^2、†, Jin-Hui Chen^3,4, Chun Hui Ma¹, Xingyun Zhao¹, Xiaolong Zheng², Chuan Wang^5,6、*, Liang Liu^2,7、*, and Daquan Yang^1,8、*

Author Affiliations

¹State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China

²Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Telecommunication Software and Multimedia, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China

³Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Science and Detection Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China

⁴Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518000, China

⁵School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

⁶e-mail: wangchuan@bnu.edu.cn

⁷e-mail: liangliu@bupt.edu.cn

⁸e-mail: ydq@bupt.edu.cn

show less

References(40)

[1] Y. Zhi, X.-C. Yu, Q. Gong, L. Yang, Y.-F. Xiao. Single nanoparticle detection using optical microcavities. Adv. Mater., 29, 1604920(2017).

[2] D. Yang, F. Gao, Q.-T. Cao, C. Wang, Y. Ji, Y.-F. Xiao. Single nanoparticle trapping based on on-chip nanoslotted nanobeam cavities. Photon. Res., 6, 99-108(2018).

[3] K. J. Vahala. Optical microcavities. Nature, 424, 839-846(2003).

[4] N. Toropov, G. Cabello, M. P. Serrano, R. R. Gutha, M. Rafti, F. Vollmer. Review of biosensing with whispering-gallery mode lasers. Light Sci. Appl., 10, 42(2021).

[5] Q. Song. Emerging opportunities for ultra-high Q whispering gallery mode microcavities. Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron., 62, 74231(2019).

[6] D.-Q. Yang, B. Duan, X. Liu, A.-Q. Wang, X.-G. Li, Y.-F. Ji. Photonic crystal nanobeam cavities for nanoscale optical sensing: a review. Micromachines, 11, 72(2020).

[7] D. Yu, M. Humar, K. Meserve, R. C. Bailey, S. N. Chormaic, F. Vollmer. Whispering-gallery-mode sensors for biological and physical sensing. Nat. Rev. Methods Primers, 1, 83(2021).

[8] Y.-F. Xiao, Q. Gong. Optical microcavity: from fundamental physics to functional photonics devices. Sci. Bull., 61, 185-186(2016).

[9] D.-Q. Yang, J.-H. Chen, Q.-T. Cao, B. Duan, H.-J. Chen, X.-C. Yu, Y.-F. Xiao. Operando monitoring transition dynamics of responsive polymer using optofluidic microcavities. Light Sci. Appl., 10, 128(2021).

[10] W. Liu, Y.-L. Chen, S.-J. Tang, F. Vollmer, Y.-F. Xiao. Nonlinear sensing with whispering-gallery mode microcavities: from label-free detection to spectral fingerprinting. Nano Lett., 21, 1566-1575(2020).

[11] M. R. Foreman, J. D. Swaim, F. Vollmer. Whispering gallery mode sensors. Adv. Opt. Photon., 7, 168-240(2015).

[12] Ş. K. Özdemir, J. Zhu, X. Yang, B. Peng, H. Yilmaz, L. He, F. Monifi, S. H. Huang, G. L. Long, L. Yang. Highly sensitive detection of nanoparticles with a self-referenced and self-heterodyned whispering-gallery Raman microlaser. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, E3836-E3844(2014).

[13] F. Vollmer, S. Arnold, D. Keng. Single virus detection from the reactive shift of a whispering-gallery mode. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 105, 20701-20704(2008).

[14] S. Frustaci, F. Vollmer. Whispering-gallery mode (WGM) sensors: review of established and WGM-based techniques to study protein conformational dynamics. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 51, 66-73(2019).

[15] D. Yang, B. Duan, A. Wang, Y. Pan, C. Wang, Y. Ji, J.-H. Chen. Packaged microbubble resonator for versatile optical sensing. J. Lightwave Technol., 38, 4555-4559(2020).

[16] X. Jiang, A. J. Qavi, S. H. Huang, L. Yang. Whispering-gallery sensors. Matter, 3, 371-392(2020).

[17] J. M. Ward, Y. Yang, F. Lei, X.-C. Yu, Y.-F. Xiao, S. N. Chormaic. Nanoparticle sensing beyond evanescent field interaction with a quasi-droplet microcavity. Optica, 5, 674-677(2018).

[18] X. Jiang, L. Shao, S.-X. Zhang, X. Yi, J. Wiersig, L. Wang, Q. Gong, M. Lončar, L. Yang, Y.-F. Xiao. Chaos-assisted broadband momentum transformation in optical microresonators. Science, 358, 344-347(2017).

[19] X. Zhang, Q.-T. Cao, Z. Wang, Y.-X. Liu, C.-W. Qiu, L. Yang, Q. Gong, Y.-F. Xiao. Symmetry-breaking-induced nonlinear optics at a microcavity surface. Nat. Photonics, 13, 21-24(2019).

[20] J.-H. Chen, X. Shen, S.-J. Tang, Q.-T. Cao, Q. Gong, Y.-F. Xiao. Microcavity nonlinear optics with an organically functionalized surface. Phys. Rev. Lett., 123, 173902(2019).

[21] Q.-T. Cao, H. Wang, C.-H. Dong, H. Jing, R.-S. Liu, X. Chen, L. Ge, Q. Gong, Y.-F. Xiao. Experimental demonstration of spontaneous chirality in a nonlinear microresonator. Phys. Rev. Lett., 118, 033901(2017).

[22] Y.-F. Xiao, C.-L. Zou, B.-B. Li, Y. Li, C.-H. Dong, Z.-F. Han, Q. Gong. High-Q exterior whispering-gallery modes in a metal-coated microresonator. Phys. Rev. Lett., 105, 153902(2010).

[23] M. A. Schmidt, D. Y. Lei, L. Wondraczek, V. Nazabal, S. A. Maier. Hybrid nanoparticle–microcavity-based plasmonic nanosensors with improved detection resolution and extended remote-sensing ability. Nat. Commun., 3, 1108(2012).

[24] E. Kim, M. D. Baaske, I. Schuldes, P. S. Wilsch, F. Vollmer. Label-free optical detection of single enzyme-reactant reactions and associated conformational changes. Sci. Adv., 3, e1603044(2017).

[25] W. Yu, W. C. Jiang, Q. Lin, T. Lu. Cavity optomechanical spring sensing of single molecules. Nat. Commun., 7, 12311(2016).

[26] X.-C. Yu, S.-J. Tang, W. Liu, Y. Xu, Q. Gong, Y.-L. Chen, Y.-F. Xiao. Single-molecule optofluidic microsensor with interface whispering gallery modes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 119, e2108678119(2022).

[27] M. D. Baaske, F. Vollmer. Optical observation of single atomic ions interacting with plasmonic nanorods in aqueous solution. Nat. Photonics, 10, 733-739(2016).

[28] J. Su, A. F. Goldberg, B. M. Stoltz. Label-free detection of single nanoparticles and biological molecules using microtoroid optical resonators. Light Sci. Appl., 5, e16001(2016).

[29] J. Liao, L. Yang. Optical whispering-gallery mode barcodes for high-precision and wide-range temperature measurements. Light Sci. Appl., 10, 32(2021).

[30] Y. LeCun, Y. Bengio, G. Hinton. Deep learning. Nature, 521, 436-444(2015).

[31] M. I. Jordan, T. M. Mitchell. Machine learning: trends, perspectives, and prospects. Science, 349, 255-260(2015).

[32] Z. Li, H. Zhang, B. T. T. Nguyen, S. Luo, P. Y. Liu, J. Zou, Y. Shi, H. Cai, Z. Yang, Y. Jin, Y. Hao, Y. Zhang, A. Liu. Smart ring resonator–based sensor for multicomponent chemical analysis via machine learning. Photon. Res., 9, B38-B44(2021).

[33] C.-S. Ho, N. Jean, C. A. Hogan, L. Blackmon, S. S. Jeffrey, M. Holodniy, N. Banaei, A. A. Saleh, S. Ermon, J. Dionne. Rapid identification of pathogenic bacteria using Raman spectroscopy and deep learning. Nat. Commun., 10, 4927(2019).

[34] M. S. Djurhuus, S. Werzinger, B. Schmauss, A. T. Clausen, D. Zibar. Machine learning assisted fiber Bragg grating-based temperature sensing. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 31, 939-942(2019).

[35] J. Lu, R. Niu, S. Wan, C.-H. Dong, Z. Le, Y. Qin, Y. Hu, W. Hu, C.-L. Zou, H. Ren. Experimental demonstration of multimode microresonator sensing by machine learning. IEEE Sens. J., 21, 9046-9053(2021).

[36] D. Hu, C.-L. Zou, H. Ren, J. Lu, Z. Le, Y. Qin, S. Guo, C. Dong, W. Hu. Multi-parameter sensing in a multimode self-interference micro-ring resonator by machine learning. Sensors, 20, 709(2020).

[37] Y. Zhang, J. Lu, Z. Le, C.-H. Dong, H. Zheng, Y. Qin, P. Yu, W. Hu, C.-L. Zou, H. Ren. Proposal of unsupervised gas classification by multimode microresonator. IEEE Photon. J., 13, 5800111(2021).

[38] D. Yang, A. Wang, J.-H. Chen, X.-C. Yu, C. Lan, Y. Ji, Y.-F. Xiao. Real-time monitoring of hydrogel phase transition in an ultrahigh Q microbubble resonator. Photon. Res., 8, 497-502(2020).

[39] Y. Yang, S. Saurabh, J. M. Ward, S. N. Chormaic. High-Q, ultrathin-walled microbubble resonator for aerostatic pressure sensing. Opt. Express, 24, 294-299(2016).

[40] C. M. Bishop. Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition(1995).

Tools

Get Citation

Copy Citation Text

Bing Duan, Hanying Zou, Jin-Hui Chen, Chun Hui Ma, Xingyun Zhao, Xiaolong Zheng, Chuan Wang, Liang Liu, Daquan Yang, "High-precision whispering gallery microsensors with ergodic spectra empowered by machine learning," Photonics Res. 10, 2343 (2022)

Download Citation

EndNote(RIS)BibTex Plain Text

Set citation alerts for article

Save article for my favorites

Paper Information

Category: Optical Devices

Received: May. 25, 2022

Accepted: Aug. 14, 2022

Published Online: Sep. 27, 2022

The Author Email: Chuan Wang (wangchuan@bnu.edu.cn), Liang Liu (liangliu@bupt.edu.cn), Daquan Yang (ydq@bupt.edu.cn)

DOI:10.1364/PRJ.464133

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology