Fig. 1. Illustration of the optical setup for LCA measurement: two lasers are used with the wavelength of 589 nm and 808 nm

Fig. 2. Time sequence for system control

Fig. 3. Measured wavefronts of subject A. (a) Wavelength of 589 nm; (b) wavelength of 808 nm; (c) LCA; (d) LCA without defocus

Fig. 4. Measured LCA for different subjects, with and without defocus at λ=589 nm

Fig. 5. Wavefronts of LCA at different times for subject A. (a) Start; (b) 5 minutes later; (c) 1 hour later; (d) 10 hours later; (e) 15 hours later; (f) 24 hours later; (g) 30 hours later; (h) 36 hours later

Fig. 6. Measured LCA at different times for subject A

Fig. 7. Calculated compensation of LCA for subject A at different times while the first wavefront of Fig. 5 is chosen as the arbitrary wavefront. The mean value of LCA is 0.16 λ with the standard deviation of 0.017. (a) Start; (b) 5 minutes later; (c) 1 hour later; (d) 10 hours later; (e) 15 hours later; (f) 24 hours later; (g) 30 hours later; (h) 36 hours later

Fig. 8. Compensation of LCA for subject A at different times. The mean value of the arbitrary wavefront is 0.158±0.011 λ.

Fig. 9. Compensation of LCA for different subjects. The mean values of the arbitrary wavefront is 0.166±0.017 λ.

Fig. 10. Optical layout for the retinal imaging AOS: L1-L13, Lens 1- Lens 13; PBS, polarizing beam splitter; BS, beam splitter; an 808 nm laser is used for wavefront detection, tracing and positioning the capillary; a 589 nm laser is used for high contrast imaging of the capillary; the collimated beam comes from the illumination system and is reflected into the eye, and then reflected again out from the eye by the retina; this reflected light is detected and corrected by the adaptive optics system and imaged with an imaging camera; the pupil position is observed by the pupil monitoring system and the eye is fixed with the target staring system

Fig. 11. Experimental configuration of the AOS on an optical flat

Fig. 12. Experiment results of adaptive correction and LCA compensation for subjects A and C. (a) Measured aberration at 808 nm for subject A; (b) wavefront of LCA for subject A; (c) image of retinal capillary without LCA compensation for subject A; (d) image of retinal capillary after LCA compensation for subject A; (e) measured aberration at 808 nm for subject C; (f) wavefront of LCA for subject C; (g) image of retinal capillary without LCA compensation for subject C; (h) image of retinal capillary after LCA compensation for subject C