Fig. 1. VCSEL light field intensity distribution. (a) Aperture of 15 μm; (b) aperture of 300 μm

Fig. 2. Schematics of VCSEL structures. (a) Traditional structure; (b) multi-ring cavity structure

Fig. 3. Light field distributions of multi-ring cavity VCSELs with different PLEA. (a) 50%; (b) 75%; (c) 67%

Fig. 4. VCSEL preparation process

Fig. 5. Near-field test results of multi-ring cavity VCSELs with different PLEA (injection current is 0.6 A). (a) 50%; (b) 75%; (c) 67%; (d) 100%

Fig. 6. Far-field distribution and spectrum of novel structure VCSEL. (a) Far-field distribution; (b) spectrum

Fig. 7. Beam radius versus beam propagation distance

Fig. 8. P-I curves of VCSELs with different structures