[1] [1] KrasnovaO, NeganovaI. Assembling the puzzle pieces. Insights for in vitro bone remodeling[J]. Stem Cell Rev Rep, 2023, 19(6): 1635-1658.

[2] [2] KhandelwalS, LaneNE. Osteoporosis: Review of etiology, mechanisms, and approach to management in the aging population[J]. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 2023, 52(2): 259-275.

[4] [4] HuGL, YuYL, TangYJ, et al. The amino acid sensor Eif2ak4/GCN2 is required for proliferation of osteoblast progenitors in mice[J]. J Bone Miner Res, 2020, 35(10): 2004-2014.

[5] [5] LiRB, KatoH, NakataT, et al. Essential amino acid starvation induces cell cycle arrest, autophagy, and inhibits osteogenic differentiation in murine osteoblast[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2023, 672: 168-176.

[6] [6] LiSQ, ZengH, FanJL, et al. Glutamine metabolism in breast cancer and possible therapeutic targets[J]. Biochem Pharmacol, 2023, 210: 115464.

[7] [7] BrownPM, HutchisonJD, CrockettJC. Absence of glutamine supplementation prevents differentiation of murine calvarial osteoblasts to a mineralizing phenotype[J]. Calcif Tissue Int, 2011, 89(6): 472-482.

[8] [8] StegenS, van GastelN, EelenG, et al. HIF-1 promotes glutamine-mediated redox homeostasis and glycogen-dependent bioenergetics to support postimplantation bone cell survival[J]. Cell Metab, 2016, 23(2): 265-279.

[9] [9] HuangYC, LiZ, LiJ, et al. Interaction between stem cells and the microenvironment for musculoskeletal repair[J]. Stem Cells Int, 2020, 2020: 7587428.

[10] [10] ArnettTR, OrrissIR. Metabolic properties of the osteoclast[J]. Bone, 2018, 115: 25-30.

[11] [11] IndoY, TakeshitaS, IshiiKA, et al. Metabolic regulation of osteoclast differentiation and function[J]. J Bone Miner Res, 2013, 28(11): 2392-2399.

[12] [12] BrunnerJS, VulliardL, HofmannM, et al. Environmental arginine controls multinuclear giant cell metabolism and formation[J]. Nat Commun, 2020, 11(1): 431.

[13] [13] YuYL, NewmanH, ShenLY, et al. Glutamine metabolism regulates proliferation and lineage allocation in skeletal stem cells[J]. Cell Metab, 2019, 29(4): 966-978.e4.

[14] [14] HuhJE, ChoiJY, ShinYO, et al. Arginine enhances osteoblastogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis through the regulation of Wnt and NFATc signaling in human mesenchymal stem cells[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2014, 15(7): 13010-13029.

[15] [15] PatelD, PotterM, AnayaJM, et al. Kynurenine induces an age-related phenotype in bone marrow stromal cells[J]. Mech Ageing Dev, 2021, 195: 111464.

[16] [16] PrideauxM, KitaseY, KimbleM, et al. Taurine, an osteocyte metabolite, protects against oxidative stress-induced cell death and decreases inhibitors of the Wnt/-catenin signaling pathway[J]. Bone, 2020, 137: 115374.

[17] [17] KitaseY, VallejoJA, GutheilW, et al. -aminoisobutyric acid, l-BAIBA, is a muscle-derived osteocyte survival factor[J]. Cell Rep, 2018, 22(6): 1531-1544.

[18] [18] LiuXY, YanZD, CaiJ, et al. Glucose- and glutamine-dependent bioenergetics sensitize bone mechanoresponse after unloading by modulating osteocyte calcium dynamics[J]. 2023, 133(3): e164508.

[19] [19] AlkaissiH, McFarlaneSI. Hyperhomocysteinemia and accelerated aging: The pathogenic role of increased homocysteine in atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, and neurodegeneration[J]. Cureus, 2023, 15(7): e42259.

[20] [20] PanahiN, FahimfarN, RoshaniS, et al. Association of amino acid metabolites with osteoporosis, a metabolomic approach: Bushehr elderly health program[J]. Metabolomics, 2022, 18(8): 63.

[21] [21] WangJ, YanD, ZhaoA, et al. Discovery of potential biomarkers for osteoporosis using LC-MS/MS metabolomic methods[J]. Osteoporos Int, 2019, 30(7): 1491-1499.

[22] [22] ErikssonAL, FriedrichN, KarlssonMK, et al. Serum Glycine levels are associated with cortical bone properties and fracture risk in men[J]. 2021, 106(12): e5021-e5029.

[23] [23] KimBJ, HamrickMW, YooHJ, et al. The detrimental effects of kynurenine, a tryptophan metabolite, on human bone metabolism[J]. 2019, 104(6): 2334-2342.

[24] [24] LingCW, MiaoZL, XiaoML, et al. The association of gut microbiota with osteoporosis is mediated by amino acid metabolism: Multiomics in a large cohort[J]. 2021, 106(10): e3852-e3864.