Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) technology has broad application prospects in high-rate and low-latency underwater real-time communication. This paper reports on a field-programmable logic gate array (FPGA)-based underwater laser communication system developed for the practical needs of a high-speed, long-distance, and real-time UWOC system. A laser diode of 450 nm wavelength was selected for the light source to realize a long transmission distance. At the transmitter side, a truncated zero-forcing digital pre-equalizer was applied to weaken the inter-symbol interference of the system at high speed and improve the communication rate. In addition, the system employed Reed-Solomon coding for error correction and an efficiently enhanced parallel inverse Berlekamp-Massey algorithm at the receiver side for real-time decoding to ensure reliable communication over long distances and at high rates. Eventually, the system realizes real-time transmission at a rate of 62.5 Mbit/s over a distance of 60 m with a bit error rate below 10^-7.