[1] [1] DAVIS S R, ROMMEL S D, FARCA G, et al. A new electro-optic waveguide architecture and the unprecedented devices it enables [C]//Proceedings of SPIE 6975, Enabling Photonics Technologies for Defense, Security, and Aerospace Applications IV. Orlando: SPIE, 2008: 697503(1-12).

[2] [2] TRIPATHI U S, RASTOGI V. Liquid crystal based rib waveguide [J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2020, 38(15): 4045-4051.

[3] [3] SHENOY M R, SHARMA M, SINHA A. An electrically controlled nematic liquid crystal core waveguide with a low switching threshold [J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2015, 33(10): 1948-1953.

[4] [4] SHARMA M, SHENOY M R, SINHA A. A low-loss optical switch using liquid crystal core waveguide with polymer cladding [J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2016, 34(13): 3065-3070.

[5] [5] TRIPATHI U S, BIJALWAN A, RASTOGI V. Rib waveguide based liquid crystal EO Switch [J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2020, 32(23): 1453-1456.

[6] [6] XU Y, UDDIN M A, CHUNG P S, et al. Fabrication of a polymer based variable optical attenuator using liquid crystal cladding on inverted channel waveguide structure [C]//Joint Conference of the Opto-Electronics and Communications Conference and the Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology. Sydney, Australia: IEEE, 2008: 1-2.

[8] [8] KABANAVA V S, RUSHNOVA I I, MELNIKOVA E A, et al. Nematic liquid crystal waveguides for spatial control of linearly polarized light waves [C]//2019 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Spring (PIERS-Spring). Rome, Italy: IEEE, 2019: 3832-3835.

[9] [9] HAMEED M F O, HUSSAIN F F K, OBAYYA S S A.Ultracompact polarization rotator based on liquid crystal channel on silicon [J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2017, 35(11): 2190-2199.

[10] [10] LI T H, CHEN Q M, ZHANG X M. Electrically controlled polarization rotator using nematic liquid crystal [J]. Optics Express, 2018, 26(24): 32317-32323.

[11] [11] OHTAKA M, KOBAYASHI T. Vector variational analysis of the guided modes in the three-dimensional anisotropic optical waveguides [J]. Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part II: Electronics), 1986, 69(8): 1-10.

[12] [12] ANGKAEW T, MATSUHARA M, KUMAGAI N. Finite-element analysis of waveguide modes: a novel approach that eliminates spurious modes [J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 1987, 35(2): 117-123.

[13] [13] FALLAHKHAIR A B, Li K S, MURPHY T E. Vector finite difference modesolver for anisotropic dielectric waveguides [J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2008, 26(11): 1423-1431.

[14] [14] HUANG C C. Modeling mode characteristics of transverse anisotropic waveguides using a vector pseudospectral approach [J]. Optics Express, 2010, 18(25): 26583-26599.

[15] [15] LIU N, CAI G X, ZHU C H, et al. The mixed finite-element method with mass lumping for computing optical waveguide modes [J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2016, 22(2): 187-195.

[16] [16] BEECKMAN J, JAMES R, FERNANDEZ F A, et al. Calculation of fully anisotropic liquid crystal waveguide modes [J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2009, 27(17): 3812-3819.

[19] [19] KHOO I C. Liquid Crystals [M]. 2nd ed. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007.

[21] [21] LU Y, FERNANDEZ F A. An efficient finite element solution of inhomogeneous anisotropic and lossy dielectric waveguides [J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 1993, 41(6): 1215-1223.

[22] [22] CHEN C L. Foundations for Guided-Wave Optics [M]. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007.