Chinese Journal of Lasers, Volume. 45, Issue 1, 104001(2018)
Microstructures of Ancient Porcelains Based on Optical Coherence Tomography
Figures & Tables(16)
Fig. 1. Pictures of typical porcelain fragment samples at Qingliangsi site in Baofeng County, Henan Province
Fig. 3. OCT gray images of different types of glaze layers (n=1.500, each pixel size is 1.2 μm×5.3 μm).(a),(b) Glass phase dominant type glaze; (c),(d) non-uniform scattering type glaze; (e),(f) homogeneous scattering type glaze
Fig. 4. OCT images of sample BQ-15-3 (n=1.500, each pixel size is 1.2 μm×5.3 μm). (a) Original OCT image; (b) extracted image of glaze layer segmentation; (c) contrast enhancement image
Fig. 6. Two-dimensional plot of cosolvent content of porcelain glaze and mole ratio of silicon alumina
Fig. 7. Back scattering SEM images and EDS test points of sample BQ-15-3 glaze layer. (a) 1000×; (b) 10000×
Fig. 8. Backscattering SEM image and EDS test points of typical inhomogeneous scattering glaze layer inclusions. (a) Sample BQ-18-2 (100×); (b) sample BQ-18-2(2000×); (c) sample BQ-16-3; (d) sample BQ-16-5
Fig. 9. Backscattered SEM images and EDS test points of samples BQG15G3 red area glaze layer. (a) 2000×; (b) 5000×
Fig. 10. Raman spectrum of typical sample glaze inclusion. (a),(b) BQ-15-3; (c),(d) BQ-16-3; (e),(f) BQ-16-5
Table 1. Information of porcelain samples at Qingliangsi site in Baofeng County, Henan Province
View tableTable 1. Information of porcelain samples at Qingliangsi site in Baofeng County, Henan Province
Sample Type Description Time BQ-8-1 Jun porcelain Gray body and blue glaze Yuan dynasty (AD 1206-1368) BQ-8-2 Gray body and blue glaze BQ-8-3 Gray body and blue glaze BQ-8-4 Gray body and blue glaze BQ-8-5 Gray body and blue glaze BQ-8-6 Gray body and blue glaze BQ-15-1 Bowls of Jun glaze Gray body and blue glaze BQ-15-2 Gray body and green glaze with red BQ-15-3 Gray body and green glaze with red BQ-15-4 Gray body and blue glaze BQ-15-5 Gray body and blue glaze BQ-16-1 Celadon bowls Gray body and green glaze Jin dynasty (AD 1115-1234) BQ-16-2 Gray body and green glaze BQ-16-3 Gray body and green glaze BQ-16-4 Gray body and green glaze BQ-16-5 Gray body and green glaze BQ-18-1 Celadon bowls without decorations Gray body and green glaze BQ-18-2 White body and green glaze BQ-18-3 White body and green glaze BQ-18-4 White body and green glaze BQ-18-5 Grown body and green glaze BQ-18-6 White body and green glaze BQ-18-7 White body and green glaze BQ-18-8 Gray body and green glaze BQ-36-1 Celadon bowls with printed patterns Gray body and green glaze BQ-36-2 Gray body and green glaze BQ-36-3 Gray body and green glaze BQ-36-4 White body and green glaze BQ-36-5 Gray body and green glaze
Table 2. Qualitative classification of glaze layers based on OCT image features
View tableTable 2. Qualitative classification of glaze layers based on OCT image features
Type of glaze Sample Glass phase dominant type glaze layer BQ-18-1, BQ-18-3, BQ-18-4, BQ-18-5, BQ-18-6, BQ-18-8, BQ-36-1, BQ-36-2, BQ-36-3, BQ-36-4, BQ-36-5 Non-uniform scattering type glaze layer BQ-15-3, BQ-16-1, BQ-16-2, BQ-16-3, BQ-16-5, BQ-18-2, BQ-18-7 Homogeneous scattering type glaze layer BQ-8-1, BQ-8-2, BQ-8-3, BQ-8-4, BQ-8-5, BQ-8-6, BQ-15-1, BQ-15-2, BQ-15-4, BQ-15-5, BQ-16-4
Table 3. Characteristic parameters of OCT images of extracted glaze layer based on gray-level co-occurrence matrixand Gabor wavelet transformation
View tableTable 3. Characteristic parameters of OCT images of extracted glaze layer based on gray-level co-occurrence matrixand Gabor wavelet transformation
Sample Parameter of gray-level co-occurrence matrix Parameter of Gabor wavelet transformation C f CM ASE Mean Contrast Entropy BQ-8-1 40.22 2.35 0.07 8.06 0.0046 4.4297 0.5799 BQ-8-2 41.89 2.67 0.13 7.79 0.0047 4.1194 0.6101 BQ-8-3 50.72 2.48 0.05 8.46 0.0046 4.3110 0.5756 BQ-8-4 41.83 2.50 0.04 8.58 0.0044 4.2249 0.4955 BQ-8-5 40.62 2.66 0.28 7.10 0.0048 3.9808 0.6513 BQ-8-6 29.19 2.60 0.16 7.21 0.0045 3.4034 0.5116 BQ-15-1 44.08 2.50 0.19 7.46 0.0047 3.7401 0.6366 BQ-15-2 42.53 2.11 0.05 8.23 0.0044 3.7485 0.4975 BQ-15-3 52.81 2.34 0.24 7.26 0.0049 4.3580 0.7215 BQ-15-4 37.18 2.48 0.23 7.15 0.0048 4.4016 0.6887 BQ-15-5 40.50 2.61 0.16 7.51 0.0046 3.8144 0.5853 BQ-16-1 46.42 2.47 0.60 6.19 0.0052 5.5959 0.8193 BQ-16-2 55.40 2.36 0.19 7.58 0.0049 5.1671 0.6936 BQ-16-3 57.86 2.38 0.27 7.44 0.0051 5.4286 0.7834 BQ-16-4 47.91 2.27 0.13 7.84 0.0046 3.6321 0.6063 BQ-16-5 53.04 2.27 0.30 7.13 0.0048 4.9104 0.6832 BQ-18-1 37.85 2.86 1.59 4.28 0.0059 9.4639 0.9894 BQ-18-2 61.06 2.40 0.47 6.74 0.0052 5.9495 0.8346 BQ-18-3 40.94 2.69 1.15 5.13 0.0056 7.6898 0.9191 BQ-18-4 48.11 2.69 0.87 5.75 0.0054 7.3867 0.8486 BQ-18-5 54.20 2.69 0.81 5.91 0.0055 7.7161 0.9124 BQ-18-6 50.90 2.73 1.04 5.39 0.0057 8.2466 0.9790 BQ-18-7 58.17 2.56 0.37 7.12 0.0054 7.4440 0.8660 BQ-18-8 31.33 2.82 1.95 3.58 0.0060 10.3641 1.0708 BQ-36-1 35.39 2.75 1.65 4.08 0.0060 10.6681 1.0295 BQ-36-2 37.37 2.89 1.33 4.68 0.0057 10.5300 0.9409 BQ-36-3 43.03 2.71 1.99 3.45 0.0066 16.1019 1.2208 BQ-36-4 27.40 2.89 2.01 3.47 0.0061 11.9818 1.0349 BQ-36-5 30.56 2.79 1.82 3.85 0.0060 10.2886 1.0315
Table 4. Variance and contribution proportion of PCA
View tableTable 4. Variance and contribution proportion of PCA
Principal component Variance Variance proportion /% Accumulation/% PC1 5.583 79.759 79.759 PC2 1.025 14.643 94.402 PC3 0.273 3.902 98.604 PC4 0.074 1.063 99.667 PC5 0.016 0.223 99.890 PC6 0.007 0.098 99.987 PC7 0.001 0.013 100.000
Table 5. Quantitative analysis results of chemical composition for porcelain glaze (mass fraction)%
View tableTable 5. Quantitative analysis results of chemical composition for porcelain glaze (mass fraction)%
Sample Na2O MgO Al2O3 SiO2 K2O CaO TiO2 Fe2O3 n (Si/Al)R O+R 2OBQ-8-1 1.01 1.68 11.54 73.05 4.30 6.45 0.20 1.59 10.76 13.44 BQ-8-2 0.79 1.92 10.87 71.91 3.50 9.27 0.18 1.34 11.24 15.48 BQ-8-3 0.76 1.75 11.11 72.77 3.75 8.46 0.16 1.08 11.13 14.72 BQ-8-4 0.74 1.83 11.64 71.17 4.78 8.12 0.21 1.21 10.39 15.47 BQ-8-5 1.17 1.79 11.49 71.92 3.86 8.53 0.20 0.89 10.64 15.35 BQ-8-6 0.75 1.84 9.88 71.72 2.74 11.22 0.13 1.50 12.34 16.55 BQ-15-1 0.97 1.86 11.07 70.89 4.86 8.32 0.18 1.64 10.89 16.01 BQ-15-2 0.95 1.93 12.88 67.91 3.14 10.47 0.18 2.36 8.96 16.49 BQ-15-3 1.42 1.72 14.67 69.53 5.00 5.91 0.14 1.42 8.06 14.05 BQ-15-4 0.56 1.68 9.88 75.13 3.66 7.79 0.15 0.97 12.93 13.69 BQ-15-5 0.47 1.53 10.72 69.69 4.64 9.98 0.20 2.54 11.05 16.62 BQ-16-1 0.92 1.76 13.87 68.73 4.67 8.36 0.14 1.33 8.42 15.71 BQ-16-2 1.32 1.65 14.04 67.50 3.87 9.42 0.18 1.84 8.17 16.26 BQ-16-3 0.96 1.94 14.62 67.00 3.96 9.68 0.12 1.51 7.79 16.54 BQ-16-4 0.59 1.65 11.74 72.64 2.45 8.46 0.17 2.15 10.52 13.15 BQ-16-5 1.27 1.66 15.58 68.67 4.32 6.21 0.23 1.89 7.49 13.46 BQ-18-1 1.30 1.48 13.41 73.66 4.86 3.51 0.19 1.43 9.34 11.15 BQ-18-2 0.98 1.42 12.81 70.61 4.82 7.84 0.15 1.18 9.37 15.06 BQ-18-3 1.82 1.49 14.70 70.60 5.02 4.84 0.16 1.20 8.17 13.17 BQ-18-4 1.09 1.55 13.65 73.90 4.25 4.43 0.13 0.84 9.20 11.32 BQ-18-5 0 1.19 12.30 72.61 5.00 6.98 0.16 1.57 10.04 13.17 BQ-18-6 1.84 1.36 13.99 72.74 4.65 4.23 0.17 0.86 8.84 12.08 BQ-18-7 0.84 1.46 12.31 75.59 3.98 4.34 0.15 1.17 10.44 10.62 BQ-18-8 1.36 1.56 14.10 70.78 4.54 6.00 0.15 1.35 8.53 13.46 BQ-36-1 0.74 1.31 13.71 73.20 4.88 4.49 0.16 1.34 9.07 11.42 BQ-36-2 0.30 1.39 13.10 69.87 3.75 8.94 0.14 2.28 9.07 14.38 BQ-36-3 0.86 1.48 14.15 66.67 3.46 11.15 0.18 1.91 8.01 16.95 BQ-36-4 0.78 1.40 12.72 70.92 4.31 7.91 0.14 1.64 9.48 14.40 BQ-36-5 0.04 1.47 10.99 77.25 3.28 4.62 0.26 1.95 11.95 9.41
Table 6. SEM-EDS component test results of typical samples obtained (mass fraction)%
View tableTable 6. SEM-EDS component test results of typical samples obtained (mass fraction)%
Sample Test area O Na Mg Al Si P Ca Fe Ti S Cu Possible phase BQ-8-4 Area 1 48.19 0.91 0.62 6.97 32.22 4.50 3.87 2.71 n.d n.d n.d Glass BQ-8-4 Area 2 49.98 n.d n.d 3.86 29.38 3.69 3.17 1.18 n.d n.d n.d Glass BQ-8-4 Spot 1 42.60 1.53 1.01 9.34 21.04 3.10 2.35 18.36 0.67 n.d n.d Iron crystal BQ-18-2 Area 1 49.43 n.d n.d n.d 50.57 n.d n.d n.d n.d n.d n.d SiO2 BQ-18-2 Spot 1 39.88 n.d n.d n.d 0.77 15.84 39.69 n.d n.d n.d n.d Ca3(PO4)2 BQ-16-5 Spot 1 38.46 0.96 0.26 6.67 24.87 2.11 0.84 24.67 1.16 n.d n.d Iron crystal BQ-16-3 Spot 1 45.40 n.d n.d n.d n.d n.d n.d n.d 52.19 n.d n.d TiO2 BQ-16-6 Spot 1 50.48 n.d n.d 4.95 44.56 n.d n.d n.d n.d n.d n.d SiO2 BQ-16-6 Spot 2 37.16 n.d 1.46 8.11 1.02 n.d n.d 15.43 34.60 n.d n.d TiO2 BQ-15-3 Spot 1 1.22 n.d n.d n.d n.d n.d n.d n.d n.d 1.78 97.00 Cu BQ-15-3 Spot 2 42.12 n.d 1.64 1.58 8.86 13.89 1.40 28.83 n.d n.d 1.50 Ca3(PO4)2
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Zhong Danxia, Guo Musen, Hu Yongqing, Liu Song, Dong Junqing, Li Qinghui. Microstructures of Ancient Porcelains Based on Optical Coherence Tomography[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2018, 45(1): 104001
Paper Information
Category: Measurement and metrology
Received: Jul. 13, 2017
Accepted: --
Published Online: Jan. 24, 2018
The Author Email: Danxia Zhong (15356634101@163.com)
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