Vehicle Recognition Based on Multi-Layer Features of Convolutional Neural Network and Support Vector Machine

Networkname	Imageinput	Convolutionkernel	Networklayer	C1	S1	C2	S2	C3	S3	C4	C5	S5	C6
Ⅰ	28×28	3	8	3×3	2×2	2×2	2×2	3×3	-	2×2	2×2	2×2	-
Ⅱ	48×48	5	8	5×5	2×2	5×5	2×2	4×4	-	3×3	3×3	2×2	-
Ⅲ	96×96	5	8	5×5	2×2	5×5	2×2	5×5	2×2	5×5	5×5	2×2	-
Ⅳ	28×28	5	8	5×5	2×2	3×3	2×2	2×2	-	2×2	2×2	2×2	-
Ⅴ	28×28	7	8	7×7	2×2	2×2	2×2	2×2	-	2×2	2×2	2×2	-
Ⅵ	28×28	3	7	3×3	2×2	2×2	2×2	3×3	2×2	2×2	-	-	-
Ⅶ	28×28	3	9	3×3	2×2	2×2	-	2×2	2×2	2×2	3×3	-	2×2

Table 2. Classification performance of seven kinds of networks
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Table 2. Classification performance of seven kinds of networks
Classification network Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Ⅵ Ⅶ
Training time /h 5.8 11.5 68 5.2 10 6.3 7.5
Accuracy rate /% 97.82 97.62 94.00 96.92 96.72 97.87 97.76

Table 3. Structure of improved CNN model

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Table 3. Structure of improved CNN model

Layer	Layer input	Convolution kernal			Convolution output	Pooling		Pooled output
Layer	Layer input		Size		Num	Step	Size	Mode
L1(C1+S1)	28×28×3	3×3	96	1	26×26×96	2×2	Max	13×13×96
L2(C2+S2)	13×13×96	2×2	128	1	12×12×128	2×2	Max	6×6×128
L3(C3+S3)	6×6×125	3×3	256	1	4×4×256	2×2	Max	2×2×256
L4(C4)	2×2×256	2×2	256	1	1×1×256	-	-	-
L5(Fc1)	1×1×256	-	-	-	-	-	-	1024
L6(Fc2)	1024	-	-	-	-	-	-	1024
L7(Softmax)	1024	-	-	-	-	-	-	2

Table 4. Comparison and analysis of CNN models
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Table 4. Comparison and analysis of CNN models
Method Training time /h Accuracy rate /%
Using AlexNet model 51 96.92
Using improved model 6.3 97.87

Table 5. Comparison of classification performance of three methods
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Table 5. Comparison of classification performance of three methods
No. Method Accuracyrate /% Testingtime /s
1 Method in Ref. [20] 98.32 88.36
2 MC-SVM 98.72 247.51
3 MCP-SVM 98.73 13.19

Table 6. Comparison of recognition rates of different methods in vehicle datasets
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Table 6. Comparison of recognition rates of different methods in vehicle datasets
Method Accuracyrate /% Testingtime /s
Improved CNN model 97.87 184
Method in Ref. [21] 91.75 1596
Method in Ref. [4] 92.33 1046
Method in Ref. [6] 94.72 292
MCP-SVM 98.73 13

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Yongjie Ma, Yunting Ma, Jiahui Chen. Vehicle Recognition Based on Multi-Layer Features of Convolutional Neural Network and Support Vector Machine[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2019, 56(14): 141001

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