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High Power Laser Science and Engineering, Volume. 12, Issue 5, 05000e63(2024)

Efficient high-power 2.3 μm continuous-wave laser operation of diffusion-bonded composite YVO4/Tm:GdVO4 crystals

Xiaoxu Yu1, Zhongben Pan1、*, Han Pan1, Hongwei Chu1, Weidong Chen2, and Dechun Li1、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1School of Information Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Laser and Infrared System of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
  • 2Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
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    Partial energy-level scheme of Tm3+ ions in GdVO4: red and pink arrows, pump and laser transitions, respectively; green arrows, multi-phonon non-radiative (NR) relaxation; blue arrows, cross-relaxation (CR) and energy-transfer up-conversion (ETU) processes.

    Fig. 1. Partial energy-level scheme of Tm3+ ions in GdVO4: red and pink arrows, pump and laser transitions, respectively; green arrows, multi-phonon non-radiative (NR) relaxation; blue arrows, cross-relaxation (CR) and energy-transfer up-conversion (ETU) processes.

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    (a) Coordinate system used in the simulation. Cross-section view (X = 1.5 mm) of the temperature field distribution in diode end pumped (b) Tm:GdVO4 and (c) YVO4/Tm:GdVO4 crystals. (d) Temperature field distribution on the axis of the cross-section (X = 1.5 mm) and the incident end face of the gain media.

    Fig. 2. (a) Coordinate system used in the simulation. Cross-section view (X = 1.5 mm) of the temperature field distribution in diode end pumped (b) Tm:GdVO4 and (c) YVO4/Tm:GdVO4 crystals. (d) Temperature field distribution on the axis of the cross-section (X = 1.5 mm) and the incident end face of the gain media.

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    (a) Input–output dependences and (b) typical laser emission spectra of the diode-pumped Tm:GdVO4 and YVO4/Tm:GdVO4 lasers operating on the 3H4 → 3H5 transition: 2% OC, using the same laser cavity parameters as in our previous work[12" target="_self" style="display: inline;">12].

    Fig. 3. (a) Input–output dependences and (b) typical laser emission spectra of the diode-pumped Tm:GdVO4 and YVO4/Tm:GdVO4 lasers operating on the 3H4 → 3H5 transition: 2% OC, using the same laser cavity parameters as in our previous work[12].

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    Schematic of the diode-pumped Tm:GdVO4 or YVO4/Tm:GdVO4 laser. LD, laser diode; PM, pump mirror; OC, output coupler; F, long-wavelength-pass filter.

    Fig. 4. Schematic of the diode-pumped Tm:GdVO4 or YVO4/Tm:GdVO4 laser. LD, laser diode; PM, pump mirror; OC, output coupler; F, long-wavelength-pass filter.

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    Input–output dependences of the diode-pumped Tm:GdVO4 and YVO4/Tm:GdVO4 lasers operating on the 3H4 → 3H5 transition: (a)–(f) 0.5%–10% OCs.

    Fig. 5. Input–output dependences of the diode-pumped Tm:GdVO4 and YVO4/Tm:GdVO4 lasers operating on the 3H4 → 3H5 transition: (a)–(f) 0.5%–10% OCs.

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    (a) Typical laser emission spectra of the YVO4/Tm:GdVO4 laser at the maximum output level. (b) Measured beam quality (M2) with the 1% OC, inset: two-dimensional laser beam profile. (c) Findlay–Clay analysis for Tm:GdVO4 and YVO4/Tm:GdVO4 lasers. L, round-trip intracavity losses.

    Fig. 6. (a) Typical laser emission spectra of the YVO4/Tm:GdVO4 laser at the maximum output level. (b) Measured beam quality (M2) with the 1% OC, inset: two-dimensional laser beam profile. (c) Findlay–Clay analysis for Tm:GdVO4 and YVO4/Tm:GdVO4 lasers. L, round-trip intracavity losses.

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    • Table 1. Performance comparison of the diode-pumped Tm:GdVO4, YVO4/Tm:GdVO4 and other reported CW Tm lasers operating on the 3H4 → 3H5 transitiona.

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      Table 1. Performance comparison of the diode-pumped Tm:GdVO4, YVO4/Tm:GdVO4 and other reported CW Tm lasers operating on the 3H4 → 3H5 transitiona.

      CrystalTOC (%)Pth (W)Pmax (W)η (%)Ref.
      Tm:GdVO40.51.345.249.40–18.9This work
      12.067.1217.0–32.4
      22.386.4415.0–25.0
      54.286.0418.0–28.4
      85.565.3916.1–25.1
      108.673.9215.4–20.6
      YVO4/Tm:GdVO40.51.025.2915.7–25.4This work
      11.137.5025.6–40.3
      21.526.9317.8–35.9
      52.266.8123.9–33.9
      83.215.5020.0–28.5
      104.584.6117.1–27.3
      Tm:YVO412.991.8913.6[13]
      Tm:GdVO454.806.0930.8[12]
      Tm:LuVO458.510.999.20[14]
      Tm:YAlO326.242.9721.4[8]
      Tm:Y3Al5O1213.801.4910.1[10]
      Tm:LiYF40.70.722.11b26.9[6]
      2.510.01.815.70c[19]
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    Xiaoxu Yu, Zhongben Pan, Han Pan, Hongwei Chu, Weidong Chen, Dechun Li. Efficient high-power 2.3 μm continuous-wave laser operation of diffusion-bonded composite YVO4/Tm:GdVO4 crystals[J]. High Power Laser Science and Engineering, 2024, 12(5): 05000e63

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    Paper Information

    Category: Research Articles

    Received: Jun. 18, 2024

    Accepted: Aug. 27, 2024

    Published Online: Nov. 19, 2024

    The Author Email: Zhongben Pan (zhongbenpan@sdu.edu.cn), Dechun Li (dechun@sdu.edu.cn)

    DOI:10.1017/hpl.2024.61

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology