Fig. 1. Light distribution curves of short arc xenon lamp

Fig. 2. Schematic of energy mapping between light source and target surface

Fig. 3. Distribution diagram of light source, free-form surface, and target surface

Fig. 4. Sketch map of contour line of free-form surface condenser constructed by Bézier curve

Fig. 5. 3D discrete point cloud models of free-form surface condenser. (a) Model before optimization; (b) optimized model

Fig. 6. Comparison of contour lines between initial structure and optimized structure

Fig. 7. Irradiance distribution of target surface of free-form surface condenser. (a) Irradiance distribution before optimization; (b) optimized irradiance distribution

Fig. 8. Optical system simulation diagram of solar simulator

Fig. 9. Irradiance distribution of solar simulator on irradiation surface using ellipsoidal condenser

Fig. 10. Irradiance distribution of solar simulator on irradiation surface using free-form surface condenser

Fig. 11. Comparison of irradiation nonuniformity between ellipsoidal condenser and free-form surface condenser

Fig. 12. Influence of surface accuracy of free-form surface condenser on irradiance and irradiation nonuniformity. (a) Irradiance; (b) irradiation nonuniformity

Fig. 13. Influence of the axial position offset of the free-form surface condenser on irradiance and irradiation nonuniformity. (a) Irradiance; (b) irradiation nonuniformity

Fig. 14. Influence of vertical axis position offset of free-form surface condenser on irradiance and irradiation nonuniformity. (a) Irradiance; (b) irradiation nonuniformity

Fig. 15. Influence of angle offset of free-form surface condenser on irradiation and irradiation nonuniformity.