High Power Laser Science and Engineering, Volume. 13, Issue 2, 02000e27(2025)

Spatial characterization of debris ejection from the interaction of a tightly focused PW-laser pulse with metal targets

I.-M. Vladisavlevici1,2, C. Vlachos3,4,5, J.-L. Dubois3,6, D. Haddock7, S. Astbury7, A. Huerta1, S. Agarwal8,9, H. Ahmed7, J. I. Apiñaniz1, M. Cernaianu10, M. Gugiu10, M. Krupka8,11, R. Lera1, A. Morabito1,2, D. Sangwan10, D. Ursescu10, A. Curcio1,13, N. Fefeu3, J. A. Pérez-Hernández1, T. Vacek3, P. Vicente1, N. Woolsey12, G. Gatti1, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías1,14, J. J. Santos3, P. W. Bradford3,7, and M. Ehret1,2、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1Centro de Láseres Pulsados (CLPU), Villamayor, Spain
  • 2ELI Beamlines Facility, The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
  • 3University of Bordeaux - CNRS - CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Talence, France
  • 4Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Centre, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Rethymno, Greece
  • 5CEA, DAM, DIF, Arpajon, France
  • 6CEA, DAM, CESTA, Le Barp, France
  • 7Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
  • 8FZU-Institute of Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
  • 9Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
  • 10Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI-NP) and Horia Hulubei National Institute for R & D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), Măgurele, Romania
  • 11Institute of Plasma Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
  • 12York Plasma Institute, School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, UK
  • 13Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
  • 14Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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    Figures & Tables(9)
    Two sputter plates from fused silica are used to shield probe beam optics from debris in solid-target experiments at the ELI-NP high-power laser (HPL) facility. Note that the laser is focused to relativistic intensities via an off-axis parabola (OAP) onto a disk target, which is protected against debris by a thin pellicle. The front-side debris shield protects a polarizer aimed towards the target normal on the laser-interaction side of a disk target; the rear-side debris shield catches debris in front of an imaging lens. The target normal is collinear with the normal of both debris shields.
    Predicted transmittance through nickel deposit of thickness on a 1 mm thick silica plate for three channels of an RGB scan with the EPSON V-750-PRO flatbed scanner.
    Debris deposited on silica plates positioned in the target normal direction (a) atop the target rear, and (b) atop the target front side facing the high-power laser at the ELI-NP 1 PW facility. Elliptical dashed lines mark areas of a rough surface and the dashed squares indicate ROIs where the debris deposition is uniform. The silica plates are 50 mm squares; visible blank areas stem from mounting clamps used for positioning the plates.
    Detailed view on a mm-scale region in the vicinity of rough surface features (‘marks’) on the lens-sided sputter plate, using (a), (c) white-light interferometry and (b) a profilometer.
    Spectrally resolved transmittance of nickel debris illuminated with the light source in an EPSON V-750-PRO flatbed scanner; indicated are blue, green and red bands of acquisition for the scanner head. A measurement of intensities through silica glass is used to normalize the measurement through debris .
    Transmittance through the debris on the rear-side (with respect to the laser interaction) silica plate for all three channels of the RGB scan.
    Thickness of the nickel debris on the rear-side silica plate calculated from the transmittance separately for all three channels of the RGB scan.
    • Table 1. Mean (mea) and maximum (max) transmittance values for the front- and rear-side (with respect to the laser interaction) sputter plates across the three colour channels of an RGB scan.

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      Table 1. Mean (mea) and maximum (max) transmittance values for the front- and rear-side (with respect to the laser interaction) sputter plates across the three colour channels of an RGB scan.

      Rear sideFront side
      Bluemea $\left(82.7\pm 2.6\right)\%$ $\left(90.8\pm 3.1\right)\%$
      max $89.5\%$ $96.9\%$
      Greenmea $\left(84.1\pm 2.9\right)\%$ $\left(92.2\pm 3.2\right)\%$
      max $92.1\%$ $98.1\%$
      Redmea $\left(86.5\pm 3.1\right)\%$ $\left(93.2\pm 3.1\right)\%$
      max $94.3\%$ $99.3\%$
    • Table 2. Characteristic minimum (min) and mean (mea) thickness values deduced from the transmittance for the front- and rear-side sputter plates across the three colour channels of an RGB scan.

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      Table 2. Characteristic minimum (min) and mean (mea) thickness values deduced from the transmittance for the front- and rear-side sputter plates across the three colour channels of an RGB scan.

      Rear sideFront side
      Bluemin0.42 nm0.12 nm
      mea $\left(0.71\pm 0.12\right)\;\mathrm{nm}$ $\left(0.36\pm 0.13\right)\;\mathrm{nm}$
      Greenmin0.31 nm0.07 nm
      mea $\left(0.65\pm 0.13\right)\;\mathrm{nm}$ $\left(0.31\pm 0.14\right)\;\mathrm{nm}$
      Redmin0.22 nm0.03 nm
      mea $\left(0.55\pm 0.14\right)\;\mathrm{nm}$ $\left(0.27\pm 0.13\right)\;\mathrm{nm}$
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    I.-M. Vladisavlevici, C. Vlachos, J.-L. Dubois, D. Haddock, S. Astbury, A. Huerta, S. Agarwal, H. Ahmed, J. I. Apiñaniz, M. Cernaianu, M. Gugiu, M. Krupka, R. Lera, A. Morabito, D. Sangwan, D. Ursescu, A. Curcio, N. Fefeu, J. A. Pérez-Hernández, T. Vacek, P. Vicente, N. Woolsey, G. Gatti, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, J. J. Santos, P. W. Bradford, M. Ehret. Spatial characterization of debris ejection from the interaction of a tightly focused PW-laser pulse with metal targets[J]. High Power Laser Science and Engineering, 2025, 13(2): 02000e27

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    Paper Information

    Category: Research Articles

    Received: Sep. 11, 2024

    Accepted: Jan. 23, 2025

    Posted: Feb. 11, 2025

    Published Online: May. 15, 2025

    The Author Email: M. Ehret (michael.ehret@eli-beams.eu)

    DOI:10.1017/hpl.2025.12

    CSTR:32185.14.hpl.2025.12

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