[2] [2] HE Y F, LI X Y, LIU D D, et al. Tuning N-doping to balance conductivity and polarization relaxation: A strategy for converting SiO2 from an electromagnetic wave-transmitting to absorbing material[J]. Appl Surf Sci, 2023, 639: 158151.

[3] [3] HU K X, WANG H H, ZHANG X, et al. Ultralight Ti3C2Tx MXene foam with superior microwave absorption performance[J]. Chem Eng J, 2021, 408: 127283.

[4] [4] YANG N, LUO Z X, WU G, et al. Superhydrophobic hierarchical hollow carbon microspheres for microwave-absorbing and self-cleaning two-in-one applications[J]. Chem Eng J, 2023, 454: 140132.

[5] [5] LIU P Z, GAO T D, HE W J, et al. Electrospinning of hierarchical carbon fibers with multi-dimensional magnetic configurations toward prominent microwave absorption[J]. Carbon, 2023, 202: 244-253.

[7] [7] LUO C J, TANG Y S, JIAO T, et al. High-temperature stable and metal-free electromagnetic wave-absorbing SiBCN ceramics derived from carbon-rich hyperbranched polyborosilazanes[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2018, 10(33): 28051-28061.

[8] [8] TANG Z E, LIM S, PANG Y L, et al. Synthesis of biomass as heterogeneous catalyst for application in biodiesel production: State of the art and fundamental review[J]. Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 2018, 92: 235-253.

[9] [9] XU H L, YIN X W, ZHU M, et al. Carbon hollow microspheres with a designable mesoporous shell for high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2017, 9(7): 6332-6341.

[10] [10] LV H L, LIANG X H, JI G B, et al. Porous three-dimensional flower-like Co/CoO and its excellent electromagnetic absorption properties[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2015, 7(18): 9776-9783.

[11] [11] MA J R, WANG X X, CAO W Q, et al. A facile fabrication and highly tunable microwave absorption of 3D flower-like Co3O4-rGO hybrid-architectures[J]. Chem Eng J, 2018, 339: 487-498.

[12] [12] MENG F B, WANG H G, HUANG F, et al. Graphene-based microwave absorbing composites: A review and prospective[J]. Compos Part B Eng, 2018, 137: 260-277.

[14] [14] ZHENG X L, FENG J, ZONG Y, et al. Hydrophobic graphene nanosheets decorated by monodispersed superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanocrystals as synergistic electromagnetic wave absorbers[J]. J Mater Chem C, 2015, 3(17): 4452-4463.

[15] [15] SU Q M, ZHONG G, LI J, et al. Fabrication of Fe/Fe3C-functionalized carbon nanotubes and their electromagnetic and microwave absorbing properties[J]. Appl Phys A, 2012, 106(1): 59-65.

[16] [16] CHEN X T, WU Y, GU W H, et al. Research progress on nanostructure design and composition regulation of carbon spheres for the microwave absorption[J]. Carbon, 2022, 189: 617-633.

[17] [17] LU X K, LI X, ZHU W J, et al. Construction of embedded heterostructures in biomass-derived carbon frameworks for enhancing electromagnetic wave absorption[J]. Carbon, 2022, 191: 600-609.

[18] [18] WEN X, LI C, LIU H, et al. Green carbonization of waste coffee grounds into porous C/Fe hybrids for broadband and high-efficiency microwave absorption[J]. J Mater Sci Technol, 2024, 170: 1-10.

[19] [19] ZHAO H Q, CHENG Y, MA J N, et al. A sustainable route from biomass cotton to construct lightweight and high-performance microwave absorber[J]. Chem Eng J, 2018, 339: 432-441.

[20] [20] WU Z C, TIAN K, HUANG T, et al. Hierarchically porous carbons derived from biomasses with excellent microwave absorption performance[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2018, 10(13): 11108-11115.

[21] [21] GU W H, SHENG J Q, HUANG Q Q, et al. Environmentally friendly and multifunctional shaddock peel-based carbon aerogel for thermal-insulation and microwave absorption[J]. Nanomicro Lett, 2021, 13(1): 102.

[22] [22] SUN X X, YANG M L, YANG S, et al. Ultrabroad band microwave absorption of carbonized waxberry with hierarchical structure[J]. Small, 2019, 15(43): e1902974.

[23] [23] TIAN Y, ESTEVEZ D, WEI H J, et al. Chitosan-derived carbon aerogels with multiscale features for efficient microwave absorption[J]. Chem Eng J, 2021, 421: 129781.

[24] [24] WANG L N, JIA X L, LI Y F, et al. Synthesis and microwave absorption property of flexible magnetic film based on graphene oxide/carbon nanotubes and Fe3O4 nanoparticles[J]. J Mater Chem A, 2014, 2(36): 14940-14946.

[25] [25] ESTEVEZ D, QIN F X, QUAN L, et al. Complementary design of nano-carbon/magnetic microwire hybrid fibers for tunable microwave absorption[J]. Carbon, 2018, 132: 486-494.

[26] [26] AHARONI A. Exchange resonance modes in a ferromagnetic sphere[J]. J Appl Phys, 1991, 69(11): 7762-7764.

[27] [27] LIU X G, OU Z Q, GENG D Y, et al. Influence of a graphite shell on the thermal and electromagnetic characteristics of FeNi nanoparticles[J]. Carbon, 2010, 48(3): 891-897.

[28] [28] NAQVI S T A, SINGH C, GODARA S K. Functionalization and synthesis of biomass and its composites as renewable, lightweight and eco-efficient microwave-absorbing materials: A review[J]. J Alloys Compd, 2023, 968: 171991.

[29] [29] WU H J, LAN D, LI B, et al. High-entropy alloy@air@Ni-NiO core-shell microspheres for electromagnetic absorption applications[J]. Compos Part B Eng, 2019, 179: 107524.

[30] [30] GUAN H T, WANG Q Y, WU X F, et al. Biomass derived porous carbon (BPC) and their composites as lightweight and efficient microwave absorption materials[J]. Compos Part B Eng, 2021, 207: 108562.

[31] [31] PHANG S W, HINO T, ABDULLAH M H, et al. Applications of polyaniline doubly doped with p-toluene sulphonic acid and dichloroacetic acid as microwave absorbing and shielding materials[J]. Mater Chem Phys, 2007, 104(2-3): 327-335.

[32] [32] QUAN B, LIANG X H, JI G B, et al. Dielectric polarization in electromagnetic wave absorption: Review and perspective[J]. J Alloys Compd, 2017, 728: 1065-1075.

[33] [33] COLE K S, COLE R H. Dispersion and absorption in dielectrics I. alternating current characteristics[J]. J Chem Phys, 1941, 9(4): 341-351.

[34] [34] QIU X, WANG L X, ZHU H L, et al. Lightweight and efficient microwave absorbing materials based on walnut shell-derived nano-porous carbon[J]. Nanoscale, 2017, 9(22): 7408-7418.

[35] [35] WANG L X, ZHOU P P, GUO Y, et al. The effect of ZnCl2 activation on microwave absorbing performance in walnut shell-derived nano-porous carbon[J]. RSC Adv, 2019, 9(17): 9718-9728.

[36] [36] LOU Z C, YUAN C L, ZHANG Y, et al. Synthesis of porous carbon matrix with inlaid Fe3C/Fe3O4 micro-particles as an effective electromagnetic wave absorber fromnatural wood shavings[J]. J Alloys Compd, 2019, 775: 800-809.

[37] [37] MOU P P, ZHAO J C, WANG G Z, et al. BCN nanosheets derived from coconut shells with outstanding microwave absorption and thermal conductive properties[J]. Chem Eng J, 2022, 437: 135285.

[38] [38] LIU Z L, ZHAO X, XU L L, et al. A novel hierarchically lightweight porous carbon derived from egg white for strong microwave absorption[J]. Engineering, 2022, 18: 161-172.

[39] [39] WANG Z F, ZHANG X M, LIU X L, et al. High specific surface area bimodal porous carbon derived from biomass reed flowers for high performance lithium-sulfur batteries[J]. J Colloid Interface Sci, 2020, 569: 22-33.

[40] [40] ZHANG C, ZHAO K H, LI X A, et al. Natural iron embedded hierarchically porous carbon with thin-thickness and high-efficiency microwave absorption properties[J]. RSC Adv, 2020, 10(64): 38989-38999.

[41] [41] ZHAO H Q, YEOW SEOW J Z, CHENG Y, et al. Green synthesis of hierarchically porous carbons with tunable dielectric response for microwave absorption[J]. Ceram Int, 2020, 46(10): 15447-15455.

[42] [42] ZHAO H Q, CHENG Y, LV H L, et al. A novel hierarchically porous magnetic carbon derived from biomass for strong lightweight microwave absorption[J]. Carbon, 2019, 142: 245-253.

[43] [43] WEI Y, LIU H J, LIU S C, et al. Waste cotton-derived magnetic porous carbon for high-efficiency microwave absorption[J]. Compos Commun, 2018, 9: 70-75.

[44] [44] FANG J Y, SHANG Y S, CHEN Z, et al. Rice husk-based hierarchically porous carbon and magnetic particles composites for highly efficient electromagnetic wave attenuation[J]. J Mater Chem C, 2017, 5(19): 4695-4705.

[45] [45] LIANG C B, SONG P, MA A J, et al. Highly oriented three-dimensional structures of Fe3O4 decorated CNTs/reduced graphene oxide foam/epoxy nanocomposites against electromagnetic pollution[J]. Compos Sci Technol, 2019, 181: 107683.

[46] [46] WANG H G, MENG F B, LI J Y, et al. Carbonized design of hierarchical porous carbon/Fe3O4@Fe derived from loofah sponge to achieve tunable high-performance microwave absorption[J]. ACS Sustainable Chem Eng, 2018, 6(9): 11801-11810.

[47] [47] FENG A L, JIA Z R, ZHAO Y, et al. Development of Fe/Fe3O4@C composite with excellent electromagnetic absorption performance[J]. J Alloys Compd, 2018, 745: 547-554.

[48] [48] FAN Y Q, LI Y H, YAO Y L, et al. Hierarchically porous carbon sheets/Co nanofibers derived from corncobs for enhanced microwave absorbing properties[J]. Appl Surf Sci, 2020, 534: 147510.

[49] [49] GUO L, GAO S S, AN Q D, et al. Dopamine-derived cavities/Fe3O4 nanoparticles-encapsulated carbonaceous composites with self-generated three-dimensional network structure as an excellent microwave absorber[J]. RSC Adv, 2019, 9(2): 766-780.

[50] [50] WANG H Y, WU X F, WANG Q Y, et al. NiO nanosheets on pine pollen-derived porous carbon: Construction of interface to enhance microwave absorption[J]. J Mater Sci Mater Electron, 2021, 32(21): 25656-25667.

[51] [51] WANG X L, HUANG X, CHEN Z R, et al. Ferromagnetic hierarchical carbon nanofiber bundles derived from natural collagen fibers: Truly lightweight and high-performance microwave absorption materials[J]. J Mater Chem C, 2015, 3(39): 10146-10153.

[52] [52] GUO L, AN Q D, XIAO Z Y, et al. Performance enhanced electromagnetic wave absorber from controllable modification of natural plant fiber[J]. RSC Adv, 2019, 9(29): 16690-16700.

[53] [53] DONG S, TANG W K, HU P T, et al. Achieving excellent electromagnetic wave absorption capabilities by construction of MnO nanorods on porous carbon composites derived from natural wood via a simple route[J]. ACS Sustainable Chem Eng, 2019, 7(13): 11795-11805.