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Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 62, Issue 3, 0314007(2025)

Theoretical Analysis and Optimization of Switching Time of All-Optical Flip-Flops Based on VCSEL

Zhiqiang Xia1、*, Pu Li2,3,4, Qiang Cai5, Shiyu Liang1, Qizhi Li1, Yuwen Qin2,3,4, and Yuncai Wang2,3,4
Author Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi , China
  • 2Institute of Advanced Photonics Technology, School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong , China
  • 3Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication, Ministry of Education, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong , China
  • 4Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong , China
  • 5Department of Physics, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi , China
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    AbstractGet PDF(in Chinese)
    Figures&Tables (11)
    Equations (6)
    References (35)
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    Figures & Tables(11)
    L-I curve for x-polarization output of VCSEL

    Fig. 1. L-I curve for x-polarization output of VCSEL

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    Operating principle of all-optical flip-flop

    Fig. 2. Operating principle of all-optical flip-flop

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    All-optical flip-flop optical system based on VCSEL

    Fig. 3. All-optical flip-flop optical system based on VCSEL

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    Input and output time series of flip-flop. (a) Input time series; (b) output time series; (c) zoom in on rising part of output; (d) zoom in on dropping part of output

    Fig. 4. Input and output time series of flip-flop. (a) Input time series; (b) output time series; (c) zoom in on rising part of output; (d) zoom in on dropping part of output

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    Distribution of switching times as affected by internal parameters. (a) α; (b) κ; (c) γa; (d) γp; (e) γs; (f) γN

    Fig. 5. Distribution of switching times as affected by internal parameters. (a) α; (b) κ; (c) γa; (d) γp; (e) γs; (f) γN

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    Maps of switching time in the parameter space of γs and γN

    Fig. 6. Maps of switching time in the parameter space of γs and γN

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    VCSEL input and output time series after parameter optimization. (a) Input time series; (b) output time series

    Fig. 7. VCSEL input and output time series after parameter optimization. (a) Input time series; (b) output time series

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    Maps of switching time in the parameter space of frequency detuning of x-polarization injection and y-polarization injection

    Fig. 8. Maps of switching time in the parameter space of frequency detuning of x-polarization injection and y-polarization injection

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    Effect of injection intensity on switching time

    Fig. 9. Effect of injection intensity on switching time

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    Input and output time series under optimal injection parameters. (a) Input time series; (b) output time series

    Fig. 10. Input and output time series under optimal injection parameters. (a) Input time series; (b) output time series

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    • Table 1. Typical internal parameter of VCSEL

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      Table 1. Typical internal parameter of VCSEL

      ParameterValue
      Linewidth enhancement factor α3
      Field decay rate κ /ns-1300
      Linear birefringence coefficient γp /ns-1200
      Linear dichroism coefficient γa /ns-10.5
      Spin-flip rate γs /ns-150
      Carrier decay rate γN /ns-11
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    Zhiqiang Xia, Pu Li, Qiang Cai, Shiyu Liang, Qizhi Li, Yuwen Qin, Yuncai Wang. Theoretical Analysis and Optimization of Switching Time of All-Optical Flip-Flops Based on VCSEL[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2025, 62(3): 0314007

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    Paper Information

    Category: Lasers and Laser Optics

    Received: May. 29, 2024

    Accepted: Jun. 17, 2024

    Published Online: Feb. 18, 2025

    The Author Email:

    DOI:10.3788/LOP241386

    CSTR:32186.14.LOP241386

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology