Dynamic and Discontinuous Rayleigh Scattering Noise in Path-Matching Interferometric Fiber-Optic Hydrophones

Fig. 4. Dynamic changes of number of collision points. (a) Relationship between number of collision points and leading fiber length;(b) relationship between number of collision points and interrogation frequency

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Fig. 5. Discrete Rayleigh backscattering light field model based on assumption of equivalent weak mirror

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Fig. 6. Interference process of main interference pulse and Rayleigh scattering light

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Fig. 7. Time and frequency domain plots of simulated signals with or without Rayleigh scattering. (a) Simulated signal time-domain plot with Rayleigh scattering; (b) simulated signal frequency-domain plot with Rayleigh scattering; (c) simulated signal time-domain plot without Rayleigh scattering; (d) simulated signal frequency-domain plot without Rayleigh scattering

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Fig. 8. Diagrams of interference visibility k of the first returned optical pulse under different parameter conditions. (a) Relationship between pulse width and interference visibility k; (b) relationship between leading fiber length and interference visibility k;(c) relationship between Rayleigh scattering rate and interference visibility k

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Fig. 9. Interference visibility k of main interference pulse under different parameter conditions. (a) Relationship between pulse width and interference visibility k; (b) relationship between leading fiber length and interference visibility k; (c) relationship between Rayleigh scattering rate and interference visibility k

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Fig. 10. Diagram of experimental system

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Fig. 11. Time domain signal of returned optical pulse intensity voltage

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Fig. 12. Relationship between interference visibility k of the first returned pulse and pulse width in Fiber1 and Fiber2

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Fig. 13. Time domain signals of returned optical pulse intensity voltage with 0-8 pulse collision points. (a) 0 collision point (L=0.3 km); (b) 1 collision point (L=0.5 km); (c) 4 collision points (L=1.7 km); (d) 8 collision points (L=3.3 km)

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Fig. 14. Relationship between interference visibility k of leading fiber length and the first returned pulses in Fiber1 and Fiber2

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Fig. 15. Interference visibility k of main returned pulses in Fiber1 and Fiber2 under different conditions. (a) Relationship between pulse width and interference visibility k; (b) relationship between leading fiber length and interference visibility k

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Fig. 16. Average phase spectral density (PSD) of demodulated signals of two fibers with different leading fiber length. (a) Fiber1;(b) Fiber2

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Fig. 17. Average phase spectral density of demodulated signals of two fibers with different pulse widths. (a) Fiber1; (b) Fiber2

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Table 1. Simulation parameters of analog optical signal
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Table 1. Simulation parameters of analog optical signal
$ε_{0}$ /V $f_{A O M}$ /kHz $φ_{0}$ /rad $φ_{2}$ /rad $r_{r}$ T /ns $L$ /m
1.3 250 $(1 + 0.001 ω) π / 3$ $(1 + 0.001 ω) π / 4$ 0.01 480 500

Table 2. Setting for main parameters in experiment
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Table 2. Setting for main parameters in experiment
$f_{A O M}$ /kHz $f_{P G C}$ /kHz $T_{i}$ /ns $T$ /ns $τ_{s}$ /ns $n_{e f f}$
250 15.625 500 100-490 500 1.481

Table 3. Performance indicators of two leading fibers

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Table 3. Performance indicators of two leading fibers

Fiber

Type

Parameter

Length

Fiber1

ITU-T G652D

Attenuation is smaller than 0.22 dB·km^-1；

fiber core diameter is 125 μm；

mode field diameter is（9.2±0.4）μm

3 m，0.3 km，0.5 km，1.3 km，1.7 km，3.3 km

Fiber2

BI15-80-U16

Attenuation is smaller than 0.5 dB·km^-1；

fiber core diameter is 80 μm；

mode field diameter is（6.4±0.5）μm

0.3 km，0.5 km，1.3 km，1.7 km，3.3 km

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Yue Qi, Fan Shang, Lina Ma, Shuidong Xiong. Dynamic and Discontinuous Rayleigh Scattering Noise in Path-Matching Interferometric Fiber-Optic Hydrophones[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2022, 42(23): 2306005

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