Digital pathology has brought new opportunities for remote pathological consultation and joint consultation owing to its convenient storage, management, browsing and transmission. However, because of the limited field of view of a microscope, panoramic imaging cannot be achieved while ensuring a high resolution. The proposal of panoramic digital pathology makes up for this defect and achieves panoramic imaging while ensuring high resolution. However, a single slice can only detect a single target, and disease diagnosis needs to observe the expression of multi-target at the same time. In recent years, multi-target panoramic digital pathology technology has developed rapidly. It has attracted much attention because of its great application potential in drug research and development, clinical research and basic research. Owing to its large field of view, wide range of colors and high flux, the system can detect the expression of various biomarkers on a whole tissue section in situ in a short time to identify the phenotype, abundance, state, and relationship of each cell. Firstly, this paper reviews the development process of digital pathology, panoramic digital pathology and multi-target panoramic digital pathology, as well as the update and iteration of technology in the development process, and illustrates the importance of developing multi-target panoramic digital pathology. Then, the multi-target panoramic digital pathology is described in detail from three perspectives: biological sample preparation, multi-color imaging system and image processing. Next, the applications of multi-target panoramic digital pathology in biomedical fields, such as tumor microenvironments and tumor molecular typing are described. Finally, the advantages, challenges and future development of multi-target panoramic digital pathology are summarized.