Fig. 1. Setup of FPM system and corresponding schematic diagram. (a) Setup; (b) schematic diagram

Fig. 2. Flowchart of FPM reconstruction algorithm

Fig. 3. Schematic of LED array position error and low-resolution images captured under different conditions. (a) Schematic of LED array position error; (b) bright field imaging range under ideal condition; (c) bright field imaging range under error condition; (d) low-resolution image captured under ideal condition; (e) low-resolution image captured under error condition

Fig. 4. LED array correction method based on genetic annealing algorithm

Fig. 5. Reconstruction results of different correction methods. (a) Original high-resolution intensity image; (b) original high-resolution phase image; (a1)-(c1) original FPM method; (a2)-(c2) PC-FPM method; (a3)-(c3) GA-SAFPM method

Fig. 6. Relationship between RMSE of reconstruction images and number of iterations, and schematic of incident wave position before and after correction. (a) Relationship between reconstructed intensity and number of iterations; (b) relationship between reconstructed phase and number of iterations; (c) corresponding aperture position of the incident wave in the Fourier domain before and after correction

Fig. 7. Reconstruction results of transparent target. (a)(b) low-resolution image and a partially enlarged image captured under central LED illumination; (c) high-resolution intensity image reconstructed by the original FPM method; (d) high-resolution intensity image reconstructed by the PC-FPM method; (e) high-resolution intensity image reconstructed by GA-SAFPM; (f) normalized intensity distribution curve of line track pixels perpendicular to the line pair in the magnified part

Fig. 8. Reconstruction results of Diqianye samples. (a)(b) Captured low-resolution image and a partial enlarged image; (c)(f) original FPM method; (d)(g) PC-FPM method; (e)(h) GA-SAFPM method