Recent advances in tin perovskites and their applications

Feng Yang; Yu Tong; Kun Wang; Yali Chen; Ziyong Kang; Hongqiang Wang

doi:10.1117/1.AP.7.3.034003

Advanced Photonics, Volume. 7, Issue 3, 034003(2025)

Recent advances in tin perovskites and their applications

Feng Yang^1、†, Yu Tong^1,2, Kun Wang^2,3、*, Yali Chen¹, Ziyong Kang¹, and Hongqiang Wang^1、*

¹Northwestern Polytechnical University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Nano Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Xi’an, China

²Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, China

³Northwestern Polytechnical University, School of Microelectronics, Xi’an, China

show less

References(258)

[1] B. R. Sutherland, E. H. Sargent. Perovskite photonic sources. Nat. Photonics, 10, 295-302(2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2016.62

[2] M. Ahmadi, T. Wu, B. Hu. A review on organic-inorganic halide perovskite photodetectors: device engineering and fundamental physics. Adv. Mater., 29, 1605242(2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201605242

[3] T. Li et al. Ambient air processed inverted inorganic perovskite solar cells with over 21% efficiency enabled by multifunctional ethacridine lactate. Angew. Chem. Int. Edit., 63, e202407508(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202407508

[4] T. Li et al. In situ dehydration condensation of self-assembled molecules enables stabilization of CsPbI₃ perovskites for efficient photovoltaics. Adv. Funct. Mater., 34, 2409621(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202409621

[5] Y. Zhao et al. Inactive (PbI₂)₂RbCl stabilizes perovskite films for efficient solar cells. Science, 377, 531-534(2022). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abp8873

[6] S. Zhang et al. Minimizing buried interfacial defects for efficient inverted perovskite solar cells. Science, 380, 404-409(2023). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3755

[7] S. Liu et al. Buried interface molecular hybrid for inverted perovskite solar cells. Nature, 632, 536-542(2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07723-3

[8] J. Peng et al. Crystallization of CsPbBr₃ single crystals in water for X-ray detection. Nat. Commun., 12, 1531(2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21805-0

[9] C. Wang et al. Low-threshold blue quasi-2D perovskite laser through domain distribution control. Nano Lett., 22, 1338-1344(2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04666

[10] H. Guo et al. Embedding laser generated GaAs nanocrystals in perovskite wires for enhanced charge transport and photodetection. Sci. China Phys. Mech., 65, 274204(2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-021-1827-x

[11] H. Qi et al. Homogenizing energy landscape for efficient and spectrally stable blue perovskite light-emitting diodes. Adv. Mater., 36, 2409319(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202409319

[12] G. Nazir et al. Stabilization of perovskite solar cells: recent developments and future perspectives. Adv. Mater., 34, e2204380(2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202204380

[13] M. M. Byranvand et al. Tin-based halide perovskite materials: properties and applications. Chem. Sci., 13, 6766-6781(2022). https://doi.org/10.1039/D2SC01914K

[14] J. Li et al. Review on recent progress of lead-free halide perovskites in optoelectronic applications. Nano Energy, 80, 105526(2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105526

[15] Y. S. Gao et al. Recent advances in lead-safe perovskite solar cells. Adv. Funct. Mater., 32, 2208225(2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202208225

[16] E. W.-G. Diau, E. Jokar, M. Rameez. Strategies to improve performance and stability for tin-based perovskite solar cells. ACS Energy Lett., 4, 1930-1937(2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.9b01179

[17] X. Li et al. Lead-free halide perovskites for light emission: recent advances and perspectives. Adv. Sci., 8, 2003334(2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202003334

[18] H. Min et al. Additive treatment yields high-performance lead-free perovskite light-emitting diodes. Nat. Photonics, 17, 755-760(2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-023-01231-y

[19] M. Qin et al. Regulating the crystallization kinetics and lattice strain of lead-free perovskites with perovskite quantum dots. ACS Energy Lett., 7, 3251-3259(2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01692

[20] S. Kahmann, S. Shao, M. A. Loi. Cooling, scattering, and recombination—the role of the material quality for the physics of tin halide perovskites. Adv. Funct. Mater., 29, 1902963(2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201902963

[21] H. H. Fang et al. Long-lived hot-carrier light emission and large blue shift in formamidinium tin triiodide perovskites. Nat. Commun., 9, 243(2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02684-w

[22] L. Dai et al. Slow carrier relaxation in tin-based perovskite nanocrystals. Nat. Photonics, 15, 696-702(2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-021-00847-2

[23] Y. Shi et al. Interfacial dipoles boost open-circuit voltage of tin halide perovskite solar cells. ACS Energy Lett., 9, 1895-1897(2024). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c00529

[24] D. Han et al. Tautomeric mixture coordination enables efficient lead-free perovskite LEDs. Nature, 622, 493-498(2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06514-6

[25] Y. Li et al. Phase-pure 2D tin halide perovskite thin flakes for stable lasing. Sci. Adv., 9, eadh0517(2023). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adh0517

[26] H. Zhu et al. High-performance hysteresis-free perovskite transistors through anion engineering. Nat. Commun., 13, 1741(2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29434-x

[27] W. Jang et al. Prevention of noise current generation in tin‐based lead‐free perovskites for highly sensitive photodetection. Adv. Funct. Mater., 32, 2207713(2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202207713

[28] H. Wang et al. Tin-halide perovskites for near-infrared light-emitting diodes. ACS Energy Lett., 9, 2500-2507(2024). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c00470

[29] L. Chen et al. On the durability of tin-containing perovskite solar cells. Adv. Sci., 11, 2304811(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202304811

[30] Z. K. Le et al. Ion migration in tin-halide perovskites. ACS Energy Lett., 9, 1639-1644(2024). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c00198

[31] Z. Zhang et al. Mechanistic understanding of oxidation of tin-based perovskite solar cells and mitigation strategies. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 62, e202308093(2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202308093

[32] J. Wang et al. Methods for passivating defects of perovskite for inverted perovskite solar cells and modules. Adv. Energy Mater., 14, 2401414(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202401414

[33] S. Kahmann et al. Negative thermal quenching in FASnI3 perovskite single crystals and thin films. ACS Energy Lett., 5, 2512-2519(2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01166

[34] X. Lu et al. Enhanced structural stability and photo responsiveness of CH3NH3SnI3 perovskite via pressure-induced amorphization and recrystallization. Adv. Mater., 28, 8663-8668(2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201600771

[35] K. Dey et al. Substitution of lead with tin suppresses ionic transport in halide perovskite optoelectronics. Energy Environ. Sci., 17, 760-769(2024). https://doi.org/10.1039/D3EE03772J

[36] T. J. Macdonald et al. Engineering stable lead-free tin halide perovskite solar cells: lessons from materials chemistry. Adv. Mater., 35, e2206684(2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202206684

[37] Y. Jiang, X. Wang, A. Pan. Properties of excitons and photogenerated charge carriers in metal halide perovskites. Adv. Mater., 31, e1806671(2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201806671

[38] M. Konstantakou, T. Stergiopoulos. A critical review on tin halide perovskite solar cells. J. Mater. Chem. A, 5, 11518-11549(2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA00929A

[39] Y. Cho, H. R. Jung, W. Jo. Halide perovskite single crystals: growth, characterization, and stability for optoelectronic applications. Nanoscale, 14, 9248-9277(2022). https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NR00513A

[40] T. Wu et al. Lead-free tin perovskite solar cells. Joule, 5, 863-886(2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2021.03.001

[41] M. Singh, J. P. Akash, J. P. Tiwari. Solar cells based on Pb-free and perovskite-inspired materials: futuristic of perovskite solar cells. ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 7, 10212-10229(2024). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c02047

[42] B. A. Al-Asbahi et al. Effect of deposition method on the structural and optical properties of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin films. Opt. Mater., 103, 109836(2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2020.109836

[43] L. M. Herz. Charge-carrier mobilities in metal halide perovskites: fundamental mechanisms and limits. ACS Energy Lett., 2, 1539-1548(2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00276

[44] S. D. Stranks et al. Electron-hole diffusion lengths exceeding 1 micrometer in an organometal trihalide perovskite absorber. Science, 342, 341-344(2013). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1243982

[45] S. Sen et al. Tin-based eco-friendly perovskites for sustainable future. Adv. Energy Sust. Res., 4, 2300110(2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/aesr.202300110

[46] M. Morana et al. Cubic or not cubic? Combined experimental and computational investigation of the short-range order of tin halide perovskites. J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 14, 2178-2186(2023). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00105

[47] F. H. Naqvi, J.-H. Ko. Lattice dynamics and phase transitions in FAPbBr₃ single crystals: temperature- and pressure-dependent Raman spectroscopy. J. Raman Spectrosc., 54, 1138-1149(2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6589

[48] Y. Fu et al. Metal halide perovskite nanostructures for optoelectronic applications and the study of physical properties. Nat. Rev. Mater., 4, 169-188(2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-019-0080-9

[49] Y. Zhou et al. Room temperature “one-pot” solution synthesis of nanoscale CsSnI₃ orthorhombic perovskite thin films and particles. Mater. Lett., 110, 127-129(2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2013.08.011

[50] Y. Dang et al. Formation of hybrid perovskite tin iodide single crystals by top-seeded solution growth. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 55, 3447-3450(2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201511792

[51] Z. Zhu et al. Metal halide perovskites: stability and sensing-ability. J. Mater. Chem. C, 6, 10121-10137(2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TC03164A

[52] J. Pascual et al. Fluoride chemistry in tin halide perovskites. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 60, 21583-21591(2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202107599

[53] Z. Fan, K. Sun, J. Wang. Perovskites for photovoltaics: a combined review of organic–inorganic halide perovskites and ferroelectric oxide perovskites. J. Mater. Chem. A, 3, 18809-18828(2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA04235F

[54] D. Ricciarelli et al. Instability of tin iodide perovskites: bulk p-doping versus surface tin oxidation. ACS Energy Lett., 5, 2787-2795(2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01174

[55] K. Yamada et al. Phase transition and electric conductivity of ASnCl3 (A = Cs and CH3NH3). Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 71, 127-134(1998). https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.71.127

[56] C. C. Stoumpos, C. D. Malliakas, M. G. Kanatzidis. Semiconducting tin and lead iodide perovskites with organic cations: phase transitions, high mobilities, and near-infrared photoluminescent properties. Inorg. Chem., 52, 9019-9038(2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/ic401215x

[57] E. C. Schueller et al. Crystal structure evolution and notable thermal expansion in hybrid perovskites formamidinium tin iodide and formamidinium lead bromide. Inorg. Chem., 57, 695-701(2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02576

[58] L. Wang et al. Pressure-induced structural evolution, optical and electronic transitions of nontoxic organometal halide perovskite-based methylammonium tin chloride. Appl. Phys. Lett., 111, 233901(2017). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5004186

[59] F. Zheng et al. Material innovation in advancing organometal halide perovskite functionality. J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 6, 4862-4872(2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01830

[60] X. K. Liu et al. Metal halide perovskites for light-emitting diodes. Nat. Mater., 20, 10-21(2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-0784-7

[61] L. He et al. Efficient anti-solvent-free spin-coated and printed Sn-perovskite solar cells with crystal-based precursor solutions. Matter, 2, 167-180(2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2019.10.006

[62] M. C. Weidman et al. Highly tunable colloidal perovskite nanoplatelets through variable cation, metal, and halide composition. ACS Nano, 10, 7830-7839(2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b03496

[63] L. Dai et al. Single-crystal nanowire cesium tin triiodide perovskite solar cell. Small, 19, e2208062(2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202208062

[64] Z. Chen, T. P. Dhakal. Room temperature synthesis of lead-free FASnI3 perovskite nanocrystals with improved stability by SnF2 additive. Appl. Phys. Rev., 10, 011404(2023). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0125100

[65] Q. Fan et al. Lead-free halide perovskite nanocrystals: crystal structures, synthesis, stabilities, and optical properties. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 59, 1030-1046(2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201904862

[66] K. Gahlot et al. Structural dynamics and tunability for colloidal tin halide perovskite nanostructures. Adv. Mater., 34, e2201353(2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202201353

[67] A. G. Ricciardulli et al. Emerging perovskite monolayers. Nat. Mater., 20, 1325-1336(2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01029-9

[68] F. Li et al. Effects of alkyl chain length on crystal growth and oxidation process of two-dimensional tin halide perovskites. ACS Energy Lett., 5, 1422-1429(2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c00286

[69] Y. Cheng et al. Reduced-dimensional perovskites: quantum well thickness distribution and optoelectronic properties. Adv. Mater., 2410633(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202410633

[70] J. Shi et al. From ultrafast to ultraslow: charge-carrier dynamics of perovskite solar cells. Joule, 2, 879-901(2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.04.010

[71] R. L. Milot et al. The effects of doping density and temperature on the optoelectronic properties of formamidinium tin triiodide thin films. Adv. Mater., 30, e1804506(2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201804506

[72] D. Luo et al. Minimizing non-radiative recombination losses in perovskite solar cells. Nat. Rev. Mater., 5, 44-60(2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-019-0151-y

[73] J. Fu et al. Hot carrier cooling mechanisms in halide perovskites. Nat. Commun., 8, 1300(2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01360-3

[74] H. Zhang et al. Highly mobile hot holes in Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite. Sci. Adv., 7, eabj9066(2021). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj9066

[75] M. B. Price et al. Hot-carrier cooling and photoinduced refractive index changes in organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites. Nat. Commun., 6, 8420(2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9420

[76] L. Dai, J. Ye, N. C. Greenham. Thermalization and relaxation mediated by phonon management in tin-lead perovskites. Light Sci. Appl., 12, 208(2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-023-01236-w

[77] M. Bokdam et al. Role of polar phonons in the photo excited state of metal halide perovskites. Sci. Rep., 6, 28618(2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep28618

[78] L. Ma et al. Carrier diffusion lengths of over 500 nm in lead-free perovskite CH3NH3SnI3 films. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 138, 14750-14755(2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b09257

[79] A. Abate. Perovskite solar cells go lead free. Joule, 1, 659-664(2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2017.09.007

[80] N. K. Noel et al. Lead-free organic–inorganic tin halide perovskites for photovoltaic applications. Energy Environ. Sci., 7, 3061-3068(2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ee01076k

[81] H. Zhu et al. Low-dimensional Sn-based perovskites: evolution and future prospects of solar cells. Chem, 8, 2939-2960(2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2022.07.027

[82] K. Xu et al. The 3D-structure-mediated growth of zero-dimensional Cs4SnX6 nanocrystals. Nanoscale, 14, 2248-2255(2022). https://doi.org/10.1039/d1nr06497e

[83] Y. Liao et al. Two-dimensional tin perovskite nanoplate for pure red light-emitting diodes. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 53, 414005(2020). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ab9673

[84] J. T. Lin et al. Harnessing dielectric confinement on tin perovskites to achieve emission quantum yield up to 21. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 141, 10324-10330(2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b03148

[85] S. Gupta, D. Cahen, G. Hodes. How SnF2 impacts the material properties of lead-free tin perovskites. J. Phys. Chem. C, 122, 13926-13936(2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b01045

[86] J. Zillner et al. The role of SnF2 additive on interface formation in all lead‐free FASnI3 perovskite solar cells. Adv. Funct. Mater., 32, 2109649(2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202109649

[87] A. Treglia et al. Effect of electronic doping and traps on carrier dynamics in tin halide perovskites. Mater. Horiz., 9, 1763-1773(2022). https://doi.org/10.1039/d2mh00008c

[88] H. Xu et al. Orientation regulation of tin‐based reduced‐dimensional perovskites for highly efficient and stable photovoltaics. Adv. Funct. Mater., 29, 1807696(2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201807696

[89] F. Li et al. A cation-exchange approach for the fabrication of efficient methylammonium tin iodide perovskite solar cells. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 58, 6688-6692(2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201902418

[90] C.-M. Tsai et al. Control of crystal structures and optical properties with hybrid formamidinium and 2-hydroxyethylammonium cations for mesoscopic carbon-electrode tin-based perovskite solar cells. ACS Energy Lett., 3, 2077-2085(2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.8b01046

[91] T. H. Chowdhury et al. Sn-based perovskite halides for electronic devices. Adv. Sci., 9, e2203749(2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202203749

[92] P. Umari, E. Mosconi, F. De Angelis. Relativistic GW calculations on CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3SnI3 perovskites for solar cell applications. Sci. Rep., 4, 4467(2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep04467

[93] S. Tao et al. Absolute energy level positions in tin- and lead-based halide perovskites. Nat. Commun., 10, 2560(2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10468-7

[94] T. C. Jellicoe et al. Synthesis and optical properties of lead-free cesium tin halide perovskite nanocrystals. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 138, 2941-2944(2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b13470

[95] I. Spanopoulos et al. Unraveling the chemical nature of the 3D ‘hollow’ hybrid halide perovskites. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 140, 5728-5742(2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b01034

[96] H. Yao et al. Strategies for improving the stability of tin-based perovskite (ASnX3) solar cells. Adv. Sci., 7, 1903540(2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201903540

[97] A. Fraccarollo et al. First principles study of 2D layered organohalide tin perovskites. J. Chem. Phys., 146, 234703(2017). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4985054

[98] U. G. Jong et al. First-principles study on the material properties of the inorganic perovskite Rb1−xCsxPbI3 for solar cell applications. Phys. Rev. B, 98, 125116(2018). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.98.125116

[99] L. Leppert, T. Range, J. B. Neaton. Towards predictive band gaps for halide perovskites: lessons from one-shot and eigenvalue self-consistent GW. Phys. Rev. Mater., 3, 103803(2019). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.3.103803

[100] D. Umadevi, G. W. Watson. Quasiparticle GW calculations on lead-free hybrid germanium iodide perovskite CH3NH3GeI3 for photovoltaic applications. ACS Omega, 4, 5661-5669(2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b03291

[101] S. X. Tao, X. Cao, P. A. Bobbert. Accurate and efficient band gap predictions of metal halide perovskites using the DFT-1/2 method: GW accuracy with DFT expense. Sci. Rep., 7, 14386(2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-14435-4

[102] A. K. Jena, A. Kulkarni, T. Miyasaka. Halide perovskite photovoltaics: background, status, and future prospects. Chem. Rev., 119, 3036-3103(2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00539

[103] R. Prasanna et al. Band gap tuning via lattice contraction and octahedral tilting in perovskite materials for photovoltaics. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 139, 11117-11124(2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b04981

[104] G. Xing et al. Solution-processed tin-based perovskite for near-infrared lasing. Adv. Mater., 28, 8191-8196(2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201601418

[105] H. Liu et al. Realizing high-detectivity near-infrared photodetectors in tin–lead perovskites by double-sided surface-preferred distribution of multifunctional tin thiocyanate additive. ACS Energy Lett., 8, 577-589(2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.2c02055

[106] A. M. Smith, S. M. Nie. Semiconductor nanocrystals: structure, properties, and band gap engineering. Acc. Chem. Res., 43, 190-200(2010). https://doi.org/10.1021/ar9001069

[107] A. Wang et al. Aqueous acid-based synthesis of lead-free tin halide perovskites with near-unity photoluminescence quantum efficiency. Chem. Sci., 10, 4573-4579(2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/c9sc00453j

[108] Z. Fang et al. Dual passivation of perovskite defects for light-emitting diodes with external quantum efficiency exceeding 20%. Adv. Funct. Mater., 30, 1909754(2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201909754

[109] F. Yuan et al. Color-pure red light-emitting diodes based on two-dimensional lead-free perovskites. Sci. Adv., 6, eabb0253(2020). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb0253

[110] Y. Ke et al. Efficient and bright deep-red light-emitting diodes based on a lateral 0D/3D perovskite heterostructure. Adv. Mater., 36, e2207301(2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202207301

[111] N. Li et al. Diammonium-mediated perovskite film formation for high-luminescence red perovskite light-emitting diodes. Adv. Mater., 34, e2202042(2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202202042

[112] A. Abate. Stable tin-based perovskite solar cells. ACS Energy Lett., 8, 1896-1899(2023). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.3c00282

[113] J. Liu et al. Origins and suppression of Sn(II)/Sn(IV) oxidation in tin halide perovskite solar cells. Adv. Energy Mater., 13, 2300696(2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202300696

[114] A. Balilonda et al. High performance and efficiency recovery in Sn-based flexible perovskite solar cells by antioxidant vanillin and microwave treatment. Adv. Funct. Mater., 34, 2313833(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202313833

[115] W. Park et al. Two-dimensional Dion-Jacobson tin perovskite transistors with enhanced ambient stability. ACS Energy Lett., 9, 2436-2445(2024). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c00620

[116] K. Gahlot et al. Air-stable thin films of tin halide perovskite nanocrystals by polymers and Al2O3 encapsulation. Chem. Mater., 36, 11227-11235(2024). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c02261

[117] E. Aktas et al. One-step solution deposition of tin-perovskite onto a self-assembled monolayer with a DMSO-free solvent system. ACS Energy Lett., 8, 5170-5174(2023). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.3c02098

[118] Z. Zhang et al. Coordination engineering with crown ethers for perovskite precursor stabilization and defect passivation. Energy Environ. Sci., 17, 7182-7192(2024). https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee02124j

[119] K.-W. Yeom, D.-K. Lee, N.-G. Park. Hard and soft acid and base (HSAB) engineering for efficient and stable Sn-Pb perovskite solar cells. Adv. Energy Mater., 12, 2202496(2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202202496

[120] T. Hossain et al. Effects of A-site cation structure on the stability of 2D tin halide perovskites. Chem. Mater., 36, 11004-11014(2024). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01251

[121] H. Dong et al. Regulating the perovskite crystallization dynamics via dual modulation strategy for performance enhancement of perovskite solar cells. Adv. Energy Mater., 2403965(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202403965

[122] Y. Yang et al. Amidination of ligands for chemical and field-effect passivation stabilizes perovskite solar cells. Science, 386, 898-902(2024). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adr2091

[123] Y. Liu et al. Near-infrared light emitting metal halides: materials, mechanisms, and applications. Adv. Mater., 36, 2312482(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202312482

[124] L. Wang et al. 14.31% power conversion efficiency of Sn-based perovskite solar cells via efficient reduction of Sn⁴⁺. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 62, e202307228(2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202307228

[125] J. Zhou et al. Chemo-thermal surface dedoping for high-performance tin perovskite solar cells. Matter, 5, 683-693(2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2021.12.013

[126] J. Cao et al. Interactions between H2O and lead halide perovskites: recent progress and applications. Matter, 7, 3728-3755(2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2024.08.001

[127] C. Sun et al. Efficient and stable white LEDs with silica-coated inorganic perovskite quantum dots. Adv. Mater., 28, 10088-10094(2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201603081

[128] H. Zhang et al. Embedding perovskite nanocrystals into a polymer matrix for tunable luminescence probes in cell imaging. Adv. Funct. Mater., 27, 1604382(2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201604382

[129] M. Ahlawat et al. Design principle of a water-dispersed photocatalytic perovskite through ligand deconstruction. ACS Energy Lett., 8, 2159-2168(2023). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.3c00532

[130] P. Aggarwal et al. Energy funneling from water-dispersed perovskites to chromophores. ACS Energy Lett., 8, 1520-1528(2023). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.3c00197

[131] P. Aggarwal et al. Enhanced stability and energy transfer in perovskite nanocrystals: paving the way for moisture-resistant light-harvesting devices. ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 6, 21616-21625(2023). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.3c03600

[132] M. Ahlawat et al. Harnessing Pb–S interactions for long-term water stability in cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals. Small, 20, 2401326(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401326

[133] A. Babayigit et al. Assessing the toxicity of Pb- and Sn-based perovskite solar cells in model organism Danio rerio. Sci. Rep., 6, 18721(2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep18721

[134] L. Lanzetta et al. Degradation mechanism of hybrid tin-based perovskite solar cells and the critical role of tin(IV) iodide. Nat. Commun., 12, 2853(2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22864-z

[135] J. Cao, F. Yan. Recent progress in tin-based perovskite solar cells. Energy Environ. Sci., 14, 1286-1325(2021). https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ee04007j

[136] J. Li et al. Biological impact of lead from halide perovskites reveals the risk of introducing a safe threshold. Nat. Commun., 11, 310(2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13910-y

[137] K. J. Prince et al. Sustainability pathways for perovskite photovoltaics. Nat. Mater., 24, 22-33(2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01945-6

[138] F. Hao et al. Solvent-mediated crystallization of CH₃NH₃SnI₃ films for heterojunction depleted perovskite solar cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 137, 11445-11452(2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b06658

[139] P. Wang et al. Ion exchange/insertion reactions for fabrication of efficient methylammonium tin iodide perovskite solar cells. Adv. Sci., 7, 1903047(2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201903047

[140] X. Liu et al. Solvent engineering improves efficiency of lead-free tin-based hybrid perovskite solar cells beyond 9%. ACS Energy Lett., 3, 2701-2707(2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.8b01588

[141] B. P. Nguyen et al. Phase formation and local charge transport of lead-free CH3NH3Sn(I1−xBrx)3 (0≤x≤1) perovskite solar cells fabricated by solvent optimization. Sol. Energy, 186, 136-144(2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.05.007

[142] X. Liu et al. Efficient and stable tin perovskite solar cells enabled by amorphous-polycrystalline structure. Nat. Commun., 11, 2678(2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16561-6

[143] Z. Kang et al. Homogenizing the low-dimensional phases for stable 2D–3D tin perovskite solar cells. Small, 20, 2402028(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202402028

[144] W. Liao et al. Lead-free inverted planar formamidinium tin triiodide perovskite solar cells achieving power conversion efficiencies up to 6.22%. Adv. Mater., 28, 9333-9340(2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201602992

[145] Z. Zhang et al. Green-antisolvent-regulated distribution of p-type self-doping enables tin perovskite solar cells with efficiency over 14%. Energy Environ. Sci., 16, 3430-3440(2023). https://doi.org/10.1039/D3EE00601H

[146] S. Shahbazi et al. Realizing a cosolvent system for stable tin-based perovskite solar cells using a two-step deposition approach. ACS Energy Lett., 5, 2508-2511(2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01190

[147] H. Zhou et al. Reaction-diffusion and crystallization kinetics modulation of two-step deposited tin-based perovskite film via reducing atmosphere. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 64, e202422217(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202422217

[148] Z. Zhu et al. Realizing efficient lead-free formamidinium tin triiodide perovskite solar cells via a sequential deposition route. Adv. Mater., 30, 1703800(2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201703800

[149] D. Song et al. Interfacial engineering with a hole-selective self-assembled monolayer for tin perovskite solar cells via a two-step fabrication. ACS Energy Lett., 6, 4179-4186(2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.1c02124

[150] X. Liu et al. Lead-free perovskite solar cells with over 10% efficiency and size 1 cm² enabled by solvent–crystallization regulation in a two-step deposition method. ACS Energy Lett., 7, 425-431(2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.1c02651

[151] M. Zhu, G. Cao, Z. Zhou. Recent progress toward highly efficient tin‐based perovskite (ASnX3) solar cells. Nano Select, 2, 1023-1054(2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/nano.202000249

[152] C. Ran et al. Bilateral interface engineering toward efficient 2D–3D bulk heterojunction tin halide lead-free perovskite solar cells. ACS Energy Lett., 3, 713-721(2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.8b00085

[153] T. Yokoyama et al. Overcoming short-circuit in lead-free CH3NH3SnI3 perovskite solar cells via kinetically controlled gas–solid reaction film fabrication process. J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 7, 776-782(2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00118

[154] H. Wang et al. Fabrication of flexible resistive switching devices based on lead‐free all‐inorganic CsSnBr3 perovskite using a one‐step chemical vapor deposition method. Adv. Electron. Mater., 6, 2000799(2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.202000799

[155] J. Xi et al. Multichannel interdiffusion driven FASnI3 film formation using aqueous hybrid salt/polymer solutions toward flexible lead-free perovskite solar cells. Adv. Mater., 29, 1606964(2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201606964

[156] C. Mortan et al. Preparation of methylammonium tin iodide (CH3NH3SnI3) perovskite thin films via flash evaporation. Phys. Status Solidi A, 216, 1900209(2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201900209

[157] L. Chouhan et al. Synthesis, optoelectronic properties and applications of halide perovskites. Chem. Soc. Rev., 49, 2869-2885(2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cs00848a

[158] H. Hu et al. Nucleation and crystal growth control for scalable solution-processed organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells. J. Mater. Chem. A, 8, 1578-1603(2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta11245f

[159] J. E. Bishop et al. Fully spray-coated triple-cation perovskite solar cells. Sci. Rep., 10, 6610(2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63674-5

[160] Q. Liang et al. Manipulating crystallization kinetics in high-performance blade-coated perovskite solar cells via cosolvent-assisted phase transition. Adv. Mater., 34, e2200276(2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202200276

[161] W. Zuraw et al. Large-area, flexible, lead-free Sn-perovskite solar modules. ACS Energy Lett., 8, 4885-4887(2023). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.3c02066

[162] J. Xi et al. Scalable, template-driven formation of highly crystalline lead-tin halide perovskite films. Adv. Funct. Mater., 31, 2105734(2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202105734

[163] L. Chen et al. In situ SnSe deposition as passivation for scalable and stable quasi-2D lead-tin perovskite solar cells. Energy Environ. Sci., 16, 5315-5324(2023). https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ee02507a

[164] F. Yao et al. Room-temperature liquid diffused separation induced crystallization for high-quality perovskite single crystals. Nat. Commun., 11, 1194(2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15037-x

[165] C. Han et al. Large-size and polarization-sensitive two-dimensional Sn perovskite single crystals. ACS Mater. Lett., 4, 987-994(2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.2c00163

[166] Q. Liu et al. Theory-guided synthesis of highly luminescent colloidal cesium tin halide perovskite nanocrystals. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 143, 5470-5480(2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.1c01049

[167] Q. Dong et al. Electron-hole diffusion lengths >175 μm in solution-grown CH3NH3PbI3 single crystals. Science, 347, 967-970(2015). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa5760

[168] A. A. Zhumekenov et al. The role of surface tension in the crystallization of metal halide perovskites. ACS Energy Lett., 2, 1782-1788(2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00468

[169] Y. Liu et al. Inch-sized high-quality perovskite single crystals by suppressing phase segregation for light-powered integrated circuits. Sci. Adv., 7, eabc8844(2021). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc8844

[170] Z. Yuan et al. Growing MASnI3 perovskite single-crystal films by inverse temperature crystallization. J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 34, 144009(2022). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648X/ac4c64

[171] M. S. Ali et al. Lead-free CsSnCl3 perovskite nanocrystals: rapid synthesis, experimental characterization and DFT simulations. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 23, 22184-22198(2021). https://doi.org/10.1039/d1cp02666f

[172] A. B. Wong et al. Strongly quantum confined colloidal cesium tin iodide perovskite nanoplates: lessons for reducing defect density and improving stability. Nano Lett., 18, 2060-2066(2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00077

[173] Y. Li et al. Stable inorganic colloidal tin and tin-lead perovskite nanocrystals with ultralong carrier lifetime via Sn(IV) control. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 146, 3094-3101(2024). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.3c10060

[174] J.-K. Chen et al. Advances and challenges in tin halide perovskite nanocrystals. ACS Mater. Lett., 3, 1541-1557(2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.1c00444

[175] K. Gahlot, J. Meijer, L. Protesescu. Structural and optical control through anion and cation exchange processes for Sn-halide perovskite nanostructures. Nanoscale, 16, 5177-5187(2024). https://doi.org/10.1039/d3nr06075f

[176] X. Y. Zhou et al. Additive engineering with 2,8-dibromo-dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide enabled tin-based perovskite solar cells with 14.98% power conversion efficiency. Energy Environ. Sci., 17, 2837-2844(2024). https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ee03359g

[177] T. Li et al. Metal chalcogenide electron extraction layers for nip-type tin-based perovskite solar cells. Nat. Commun., 15, 9435(2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-53713-4

[178] B. Li et al. Suppressing oxidation at perovskite-NiO_x interface for efficient and stable tin perovskite solar cells. Adv. Mater., 36, 2309768(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202309768

[179] D. Song et al. Mixed self-assembled monolayers for high-photovoltage tin perovskite solar cells. ACS Energy Lett., 9, 1466-1472(2024). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c00155

[180] L. Wang et al. Exceeding 15% performance with energy level tuning in tin-based perovskite solar cells. ACS Energy Lett., 9, 6238-6244(2024). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c03172

[181] J. Chen et al. Efficient tin-based perovskite solar cells with trans-isomeric fulleropyrrolidine additives. Nat. Photonics, 18, 464-470(2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-024-01381-7

[182] H. Yu et al. Inorganic CsSnI3 perovskite solar cells with an efficiency above 13.6%. ACS Energy Lett., 9, 5870-5878(2024). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02742

[183] M. Hu et al. Highly stable n–i–p structured formamidinium tin triiodide solar cells through the stabilization of surface Sn2+ + cations. Adv. Funct. Mater., 33, 2300693(2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202300693

[184] J. Park et al. Controlled growth of perovskite layers with volatile alkylammonium chlorides. Nature, 616, 724-730(2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05825-y

[185] W. Ali et al. Tuning lattice structure of ferroelastic twin-domains achieving efficient perovskite solar cells. ACS Energy Lett., 8, 5070-5078(2023). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.3c01936

[186] J. Qiu et al. Dipolar chemical bridge induced CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells with 21.86% efficiency. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 63, e202401751(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202401751

[187] Z. Wang et al. Light-driven dynamic defect-passivation for efficient inorganic perovskite solar cells. Adv. Funct. Mater., 35, 2416118(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202416118

[188] Z. Xie et al. High-efficiency perovskite solar cells enabled by guanylation reaction for removing MACl residual and in-situ forming 2D perovskite. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 64, e202419070(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202419070

[189] Y. Ding et al. Stress regulation via surface micro-etching and reconstruction for enhancing triple-cation perovskite solar cells with an efficiency of 25.54%. Energy Environ. Sci., 17, 9268-9277(2024). https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee04248d

[190] X. Zhao et al. Tailored polymer hole-transporting materials with multisite passivation functions for effective buried-interface engineering of inverted quasi-2D perovskite solar cells. Adv. Sci., 11, 2410807(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202410807

[191] Z. Li et al. Uniform phase permutation of efficient Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite solar cells via binary spacers and single crystal coordination. Adv. Mater., 36, 2410408(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202410408

[192] Y. Rong et al. Challenges for commercializing perovskite solar cells. Science, 361, eaat8235(2018). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat8235

[193] C. Sun et al. Well-defined fullerene bisadducts enable high-performance tin-based perovskite solar cells. Adv. Mater., 35, e2205603(2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202205603

[194] T.-Y. Teng et al. Electronically manipulated molecular strategy enabling highly efficient tin perovskite photovoltaics. Angew. Chem. Int. Edit., 63, e202318133(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202318133

[195] Y. Chen et al. Mitigating Voc loss in tin perovskite solar cells via simultaneous suppression of bulk and interface nonradiative recombination. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 14, 41086-41094(2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c12129

[196] X. Jiang et al. Ultra-high open-circuit voltage of tin perovskite solar cells via an electron transporting layer design. Nat. Commun., 11, 1245(2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15078-2

[197] Y. Chen et al. Modulating nucleation and crystal growth of tin perovskite films for efficient solar cells. Nano Lett., 24, 5460-5466(2024). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00474

[198] H. Yan et al. Efficient passivation of surface defects by Lewis base in lead-free tin-based perovskite solar cells. Mater. Today Energy, 27, 101038(2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtener.2022.101038

[199] Y. Chen et al. Multifunctional buried interface modification enables efficient tin perovskite solar cells. Small Methods, 8, 2300029(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202300029

[200] J.-J. Cao et al. Multifunctional potassium thiocyanate interlayer for eco-friendly tin perovskite indoor and outdoor photovoltaics. Chem. Eng. J., 433, 133832(2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.133832

[201] H. Li et al. Surface reconstruction for tin-based perovskite solar cells. ACS Energy Lett., 7, 3889-3899(2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01624

[202] J. Sanchez-Diaz et al. Tin perovskite solar cells with >1,300 h of operational stability in N2 through a synergistic chemical engineering approach. Joule, 6, 861-883(2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2022.02.014

[203] W. Zhang et al. Organic-free and lead-free perovskite solar cells with efficiency over 11%. Adv. Energy Mater., 12, 2202491(2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202202491

[204] Y.-T. Yang et al. Dual-stage reduction strategy of tin perovskite enables high performance photovoltaic. Angew. Chem. Int. Edit., 64, e202415681(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202415681

[205] O. E. Solis et al. Adjusting the crystallization of tin perovskites through thiophene additives for improved photovoltaic stability. ACS Energy Lett., 9, 5288-5295(2024). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c01875

[206] S. Cho et al. Phenylethylammonium-formamidinium-methylammonium quasi-2D/3D tin wide-bandgap perovskite solar cell with improved efficiency and stability. Chem. Eng. J., 446, 137388(2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.137388

[207] B. Chen et al. Reducing the interfacial voltage loss in tin halides perovskite solar cells. Chem. Eng. J., 445, 136769(2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.136769

[208] A. Wijesekara et al. Highly air stable tin halide perovskite photovoltaics using a bismuth capped copper top electrode. Adv. Sci., 10, 2301497(2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202301497

[209] C.-H. Kuan et al. Dopant-free pyrrolopyrrole-based (PPr) polymeric hole-transporting materials for efficient tin-based perovskite solar cells with stability over 6000 h. Adv. Mater., 35, 2300681(2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202300681

[210] S. Qu et al. Revealing and inhibiting the facet-related ion migration for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. Angew. Chem. Int. Edit., 64, e202415949(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202415949

[211] Y. Shen et al. Strain regulation retards natural operation decay of perovskite solar cells. Nature, 635, 882-889(2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08161-x

[212] X. Zhao et al. Operationally stable perovskite solar modules enabled by vapor-phase fluoride treatment. Science, 385, 433-438(2024). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adn9453

[213] C. Gong et al. Silver coordination-induced n-doping of PCBM for stable and efficient inverted perovskite solar cells. Nat. Commun., 15, 4922(2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-49395-7

[214] Y. Zhao et al. A bilayer conducting polymer structure for planar perovskite solar cells with over 1,400 hours operational stability at elevated temperatures. Nat. Energy, 7, 144-152(2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-021-00953-z

[215] B. Chang et al. Phase-pure 2D/3D tin-based perovskite films for solar cells. ACS Energy Lett., 9, 363-372(2024). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.3c02616

[216] F. Du et al. Managing crystallization and phase distribution via 2D perovskite seed crystals for 2D-3D tin-based perovskite solar cells. Adv. Funct. Mater., 35, 2413281(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202413281

[217] Z. Gao et al. Adhesion-controlled heterogeneous nucleation of tin halide perovskites for eco-friendly indoor photovoltaics. Adv. Mater., 36, 2403413(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202403413

[218] S. F. Hu et al. Narrow bandgap metal halide perovskites for all-perovskite tandem photovoltaics. Chem. Rev., 124, 4079-4123(2024). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00667

[219] C. Wang et al. Color-stable two-dimensional tin-based perovskite light-emitting diodes: passivation effects of diphenylphosphine oxide derivatives. Adv. Funct. Mater., 33, 2301304(2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202301304

[220] Y. Han et al. Manipulating electron-phonon coupling for efficient tin halide perovskite blue LEDs. Adv. Mater., 2413895(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202413895

[221] Y. Li et al. Boosting CsSnI3-based near-infrared perovskite light-emitting diodes performance via solvent coordination engineering. Infomat, 6, e12537(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/inf2.12537

[222] X. Guan et al. Targeted elimination of tetravalent-Sn-induced defects for enhanced efficiency and stability in lead-free NIR-II perovskite LEDs. Nat. Commun., 15, 9913(2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54160-x

[223] F. L. Yuan et al. Bright and stable near-infrared lead-free perovskite light-emitting diodes. Nat. Photonics, 18, 170-176(2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-023-01351-5

[224] H. Min et al. Spin coating epitaxial heterodimensional tin perovskites for light-emitting diodes. Nat. Nanotechnol., 19, 632-637(2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-023-01588-9

[225] S.-Q. Sun et al. Enhancing light outcoupling efficiency via anisotropic low refractive index electron transporting materials for efficient perovskite light-emitting diodes. Adv. Mater., 36, 2400421(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202400421

[226] Y. Gao et al. Highly efficient blue light-emitting diodes based on mixed-halide perovskites with reduced chlorine defects. Sci. Adv., 10, eado5645(2024). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ado5645

[227] S.-C. Feng et al. Efficient and stable red perovskite light-emitting diodes via thermodynamic crystallization control. Adv. Mater., 36, 2410255(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202410255

[228] M. Li et al. Acceleration of radiative recombination for efficient perovskite LEDs. Nature, 630, 631-635(2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07460-7

[229] H. Liang et al. High color purity lead-free perovskite light-emitting diodes via Sn stabilization. Adv. Sci., 7, 1903213(2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201903213

[230] S.-Z. Wang et al. Environment-friendly perovskite light-emitting diodes: progress and perspective. Adv. Mater. Interfaces, 9, 2200772(2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202200772

[231] F. Zhang et al. Vapor-assisted in situ recrystallization for efficient tin-based perovskite light-emitting diodes. Adv. Mater., 34, 2203180(2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202203180

[232] W. Bai et al. Ligand engineering enables efficient pure red tin-based perovskite light-emitting diodes. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 135, e202312728(2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202312728

[233] L. M. Kong et al. Fabrication of red-emitting perovskite LEDs by stabilizing their octahedral structure. Nature, 631, 73-79(2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07531-9

[234] Z. W. Qi et al. Ligand-pinning induced size modulation of CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots for red light-emitting diodes. Adv. Funct. Mater., 34, 2405679(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202405679

[235] Y. C. Wei et al. Overcoming the energy gap law in near-infrared OLEDs by exciton-vibration decoupling. Nat. Photonics, 14, 570-577(2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-020-0653-6

[236] M. Vasilopoulou et al. Efficient colloidal quantum dot light-emitting diodes operating in the second near-infrared biological window. Nat. Photonics, 14, 50-56(2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-019-0526-z

[237] F. Cao et al. Stability enhancement of lead-free CsSnI3 perovskite photodetector with reductive ascorbic acid additive. InfoMat, 2, 577-584(2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/inf2.12074

[238] T. Liu et al. Cyano-coordinated tin halide perovskites for wearable health monitoring and weak light imaging. Adv. Mater., 36, 2400090(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202400090

[239] F. Wang et al. Recent progress on electrical and optical manipulations of perovskite photodetectors. Adv. Sci., 8, e2100569(2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202100569

[240] M. Han et al. Controllable growth of lead-free all-inorganic perovskite nanowire array with fast and stable near-infrared photodetection. J. Phys. Chem. C, 123, 17566-17573(2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b03289

[241] Y. Yang et al. Sn-based quasi-two-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid halide perovskite for high-performance photodetectors. Appl. Phys. Lett., 119, 161106(2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0068273

[242] L. He et al. Highly sensitive tin-lead perovskite photodetectors with over 450 days stability enabled by synergistic engineering for pulse oximetry system. Adv. Mater., 35, 2210016(2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202210016

[243] T. Liu et al. Quasi-single-crystal tin halide perovskite films with high structural integrity for near-infrared imaging array enabling hidden object recognition. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 64, e202418470(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202418470

[244] V. S. Chirvony et al. Unusual spectrally reproducible and high Q-factor random lasing in polycrystalline tin perovskite films. Adv. Mater., 35, e2208293(2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202208293

[245] A. L. Alvarado-Leaños et al. Lasing in two-dimensional tin perovskites. ACS Nano, 16, 20671-20679(2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.2c07705

[246] Y. Liang et al. Lasing from mechanically exfoliated 2D homologous Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite engineered by inorganic layer thickness. Adv. Mater., 31, 1903030(2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201903030

[247] A. Liu et al. High-performance metal halide perovskite transistors. Nat. Electron., 6, 559-571(2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-023-01001-2

[248] S. Shao et al. Field-effect transistors based on formamidinium tin triiodide perovskite. Adv. Funct. Mater., 31, 2008478(2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202008478

[249] H. Zhu et al. Tin perovskite transistors and complementary circuits based on A-site cation engineering. Nat. Electron., 6, 650-657(2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-023-01019-6

[250] A. Liu et al. High-performance inorganic metal halide perovskite transistors. Nat. Electron., 5, 78-83(2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-022-00712-2

[251] R. N. Bukke et al. Strain relaxation and multidentate anchoring in n-type perovskite transistors and logic circuits. Nat. Electron., 7, 444-453(2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-024-01165-5

[252] W. H. Qian et al. Independent memcapacitive switching triggered by bromide ion migration for quaternary information storage. Adv. Mater., 31, e1806424(2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201806424

[253] S. Cai et al. Fast-response oxygen optical fiber sensor based on PEA2SnI4 perovskite with extremely low limit of detection. Adv. Sci., 9, 2104708(2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202104708

[254] R. Chen et al. Directional regulation of photogenerated carriers in tin halide perovskites for enhanced thermoelectrics. ACS Energy Lett., 9, 5721-5727(2024). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02759

[255] J. Li et al. Bright and efficient CsSnBr3 light-emitting diodes enabled by interfacial reaction-assisted crystallization. Adv. Mater., 2414841(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202414841

[256] J. Ye et al. Extending the defect tolerance of halide perovskite nanocrystals to hot carrier cooling dynamics. Nat. Commun., 15, 8120(2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-52377-4

[257] J. Chen et al. 1.4% external quantum efficiency 988 nm light emitting diode based on tin-lead halide perovskite. Adv. Mater., 2415958(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202415958

[258] J. Cheng et al. Enhanced electric field minimizing quasi-Fermi level splitting deficit for high-performance tin-lead perovskite solar cells. Adv. Mater., 36, 2410298(2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202410298

Tools

Get Citation

Copy Citation Text

Feng Yang, Yu Tong, Kun Wang, Yali Chen, Ziyong Kang, Hongqiang Wang, "Recent advances in tin perovskites and their applications," Adv. Photon. 7, 034003 (2025)

Download Citation

EndNote(RIS)BibTex Plain Text

Set citation alerts for article

Save article for my favorites