Fig. 1. Diagrams of working principles for additive manufacturing equipments. (a) SLM; (b) EBM; (c) LENS

Fig. 2. (a) Inserted mould formed by EBM; (b) insert after machining

Fig. 3. Typical molten pool morphologies in mould steels formed by SLM. (a) Horizontal direction of formation; (b) height direction formation

Fig. 4. Typical microstructures of mould steels formed by SLM. (a) Boundary of molten pool; (b) inner of molten pool

Fig. 5. (a) Martensite structure in formed part; distributions of (b) Cr, (c) Ni and (d) C elements

Fig. 6. (a) Schematic of decarburization during SLM process; (b) topological structures of molten pool boundary, carbon-depleted and carbon-rich zones

Fig. 7. Different processing methods for tensile samples

Fig. 8. (a) Schematic of laser pulsed emission mode; (b) dimensional error of formed parts under different exposure time

Fig. 9. Vickers microhardness distributions of formed parts in Z direction under different preheating temperatures. (a) No preheating; (b) 200 ℃; (c) 400 ℃

Fig. 10. (a) TiC particles in formed parts; (b) diffraction pattern of selected area

Fig. 11. Wear rate and friction coefficient of SLM-processed H13 and TiB₂/H13 nanocomposite formed by SLM

Fig. 12. Diagram of inserted mould with complex conformal cooling channels

Fig. 13. Injection mould with conformal cooling channels

Fig. 14. Tire mould

Fig. 15. Inserted mould