Design and Ground Verification of Detection Scheme of Sun-as-a-Star Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrograph

Sifan Guo; Xianyong Bai; Wei Duan; Yufei Feng; Xiaoming Zhu; Hui Tian; Yuanyong Deng; Zhiwei Feng; Haiying Zhang; Ziyao Hu; Xiao Yang; Qi Yang

doi:10.3788/AOS250500

Acta Optica Sinica, Volume. 45, Issue 12, 1230003(2025)

Design and Ground Verification of Detection Scheme of Sun-as-a-Star Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrograph

Sifan Guo^1,2, Xianyong Bai^1,2,3,4、*, Wei Duan^1,2, Yufei Feng^1,3, Xiaoming Zhu^1,3, Hui Tian⁵, Yuanyong Deng^1,2,3, Zhiwei Feng^1,2,3, Haiying Zhang^2,6, Ziyao Hu^1,2, Xiao Yang^1,2,3, and Qi Yang^1,2

Author Affiliations

¹National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

²School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

³State Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather, Beijing 100190, China

⁴Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 102206, China

⁵School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

⁶Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu , China

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Fig. 1. General scheme of the Sun-as-a-star extreme ultraviolet spectrograph

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Fig. 2. Simulated spectral resolution in 18‒30 nm of system using SHADOW VUI ray tracing software

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Fig. 3. Structural design of the Sun-as-a-star extreme ultraviolet spectrograph

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Fig. 4. Physical picture of the Sun-as-a-star extreme ultraviolet spectrograph

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Fig. 5. He spectra measured from principle prototype. (a) Raw spectrum; (b) spectrum of He after reducing dark field

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Fig. 6. Results after processing of spectral data. (a) Comparison between spectrum extracted from single line after correction by dark field and superimposed spectrum; (b) calculating spectral resolution using superimposed spectra

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Table 1. Main scientific indicator requirements for the Sun-as-a-star extreme ultraviolet spectrograph
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Table 1. Main scientific indicator requirements for the Sun-as-a-star extreme ultraviolet spectrograph
Characteristic Scientific requirement
FOV /（´） ≥34
Wavelength range /nm 18‒30
Spectral resolving power ≥500
Temporal resolution /s ≤60

Table 2. Specific optical parameters of the Sun-as-a-star extreme ultraviolet spectrograph

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Table 2. Specific optical parameters of the Sun-as-a-star extreme ultraviolet spectrograph

System and element	Parameter	Value
System design	FOV /（´）	36
	Wavelength range /nm	18‒30
	Slit size /（mm×mm）	0.020×5
Grating	Curvature radius R /mm	5649
	Groove density /（line/mm）	1200
	VLS ruling parameters	b₂=-20， b₃=4.558×10²， b₄=-1.184×10⁴
	Diffraction order m	+1
	Incident angle α /（°）	87
	Diffraction angle β /（°）	75.44 （@25.63 nm）
	Distance from slit to grating r₀ /mm	237
	Distance from grating to detector r₁ /mm	235
Detector	Pixel array size	2048×2048
Detector	Pixel size /（µm×µm）	6.5×6.5

Table 3. Measured spectral resolving powers and spectral resolutions from the Sun-as-a-star extreme ultraviolet spectrograph
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Table 3. Measured spectral resolving powers and spectral resolutions from the Sun-as-a-star extreme ultraviolet spectrograph
Spectral line He Ⅱ24.303 nm He Ⅱ25.632 nm He Ⅱ30.378 nm
Spectral resolution /nm 0.0326 0.0325 0.0351
Spectral resolving power 745 788 865

Table 4. Comparison of parameters among existing loads and our scheme

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Table 4. Comparison of parameters among existing loads and our scheme

Parameter	Our scheme	MEGS-A	ACE	SEM
Wavelength range /nm	18‒30	5‒37	16‒220	17‒77
Slit size /(mm×mm)	0.020×5	0.020×2
Grating type	Concave VLSgrating	Concave uniform-line-space(ULS) grating	Plane ULS grating	Plane transmissiongrating
Curvature radius /mm	5649	600
Groove density / (line/mm)	1200	767.2	1000, 1800, 2300, 3500	5000
Detector	2048×2048 sCMOS	2048×1024 CCD	Silicon photodiode	Multi-element silicon photodiode
Spectral resolution /nm	0.033‒0.035	0.1	0.5‒2.3	5
On-orbit processing	Yes	No	No	No

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Sifan Guo, Xianyong Bai, Wei Duan, Yufei Feng, Xiaoming Zhu, Hui Tian, Yuanyong Deng, Zhiwei Feng, Haiying Zhang, Ziyao Hu, Xiao Yang, Qi Yang. Design and Ground Verification of Detection Scheme of Sun-as-a-Star Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrograph[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2025, 45(12): 1230003

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Paper Information

Category: Spectroscopy

Received: Jan. 15, 2025

Accepted: Mar. 25, 2025

Published Online: Jun. 24, 2025

The Author Email: Xianyong Bai (xybai@bao.ac.cn)

DOI:10.3788/AOS250500

CSTR:32393.14.AOS250500

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. Main scientific indicator requirements for the Sun-as-a-star extreme ultraviolet spectrograph

Table 1. Main scientific indicator requirements for the Sun-as-a-star extreme ultraviolet spectrograph

Table 2. Specific optical parameters of the Sun-as-a-star extreme ultraviolet spectrograph

Table 2. Specific optical parameters of the Sun-as-a-star extreme ultraviolet spectrograph

Table 3. Measured spectral resolving powers and spectral resolutions from the Sun-as-a-star extreme ultraviolet spectrograph

Table 3. Measured spectral resolving powers and spectral resolutions from the Sun-as-a-star extreme ultraviolet spectrograph

Table 4. Comparison of parameters among existing loads and our scheme

Table 4. Comparison of parameters among existing loads and our scheme