As the central focus in modern life sciences, precision medicine has been significantly propelled by breakthroughs in micro/nano-robotic technology. Compared to other actuation approaches, light-driven micro/nanorobots offer distinct advantages, including non-contact precision manipulation, dynamic programmability, and superior biocompatibility. This paper systematically introduces the key motion-control mechanisms of light-driven micro/nanorobots, including direct optical manipulation, bio-phototactic propulsion, photothermal actuation, photochemical propulsion, and photoinduced-deformation propulsion. It highlights their innovative applications in core areas of precision medicine, such as targeted drug delivery, clearance of biological threats, minimally invasive therapy, disease diagnosis, and biosensing. Current challenges are also critically addressed, encompassing optical control in deep tissues, long-term biosafety in vivo, and intelligent system integration. Future directions are proposed through synergistic integration of advanced optical technologies with artificial intelligence, aiming to advance the intelligent evolution and clinical translation of light-driven micro/nanorobots in precision medicine.