Fig. 1. Underwater polarized transmission model of sunlight^[13]

Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the light transmission of actual atmosphere simulated by Monte Carlo method^[17]

Fig. 3. Snell窗^[5]

Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of the reverse tracing simulation method

Fig. 5. The DOP and AOP distributions after single Rayleigh scattering of sunlight in the atmosphere. The zenith angles of the sun are 30°, 60°, and 90°, respectively

Fig. 6. The DOP and AOP distributions after multiple Rayleigh scattering of sunlight in the atmosphere. The zenith angles of the sun are 30°, 60°, and 90°, respectively

Fig. 7. The distribution of DOP and AOP after multiple scattering of sunlight and refraction by calm water. The solar zenith angles are 30°, 60°, and 90°, respectively

Fig. 8. (a) Sinusoidal surface waves; (b) the underwater distribution of DOP and AOP after multiple scattering of sunlight and refraction by sinusoidal surface waves. The solar zenith angles are 30°, 60°, and 90°, respectively

Fig. 9. (a) Random surface wave; (b) the underwater distribution of DOP and AOP after multiple scattering of sunlight and refraction by random waveforms surface waves. The solar zenith angles are 30°, 60°, and 90°, respectively

Fig. 10. Comparison of measured and simulated results under calm water. (a) Measured images under calm water; (b) DOP distribution of measured data; (c) AOP distribution of measured data; (d) results of DOP simulation; (e) results of AOP simulation

Fig. 11. Comparison of measured results under calm water, simulation results under ideal atmosphere, and simulation results with adding aerosols when zenith angle is 65.054°

Fig. 12. The DOP distribution under the random wave surface compared with the DOP distribution obtained from the actual measurement in Santa Barbara^[16]. The solar zenith angles are 34°, 58°, 77°, 88°, respectively

Fig. 13. The AOP distribution under the random wave surface compared with the AOP distribution obtained from the actual measurement in Santa Barbara^[16]. The solar zenith angle is 34°, 58°, 77°, 88°, respectively