Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 62, Issue 17, 1730003(2025)

Flexible Superhydrophobic Film Combined with LIBS for Highly Sensitive and Rapid Analysis of Multiple Rare Earth Elements in Aqueous Solutions

Shijie Li1, Mengfan Wu1, Chuyan Zhang2, Lingwei Zeng1, Yu Rao3, Guanghui Niu4, Xingliang He1, Weiheng Kong1, and Yixiang Duan1、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan , China
  • 2Med -X Center for Manufacturing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, Sichuan , China
  • 3School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, Jiangxi , China
  • 4Baowu Equipment Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201900, China
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    Figures & Tables(11)
    Schematic diagrams and characterizations of FSF with hydrophilic arrays based on micron-sized pockets. (a) Glass substrate and the corresponding SEM image; (b) PET substrate film with micron-sized roughness adhered onto the slide and the corresponding SEM image (WCA is 109°); (c) superhydrophobic nanoparticles coated on the PET substrate film and the corresponding SEM image (WCA is 160°); (d) hydrophilic arrays obtained by removing part of the hydrophobic layer and the image of the hydrophilic dots
    Schematic diagram of FSF-LIBS for highly sensitive and rapid analysis of REEs in aqueous solutions
    Schematic of the principle of hydrophobic surface formation based on micron-sized pockets
    Demonstrations of FSF's fixed behavior and enrichment performance. (a) Behavior of water droplets held at the hydrophilic dots of FSF (tilt angle of slide is approximately 18°); (b) enrichment behavior of AuNPs on FSF
    Self-cleaning performance evaluation of FSF. (a) Schematic of self-cleaning performance of FSF contaminated by CuSO4 powder; (b) LIBS emission spectra of FSF and control (slide) after contamination-cleaning treatment, as well as the blank group (FSF without contamination); (c) intensity of the characteristic spectral line of Cu I 324.75 nm from the above three groups
    Delay time optimization. (a) Dynamic curves of SNR with the increased delay time; (b) spectra at delay time of 0.5 μs; (c) spectra at delay time of 2.0 μs
    Dynamic curves of signal intensity with the increased ablation number. (a) Signal intensity in Sc II 361.38 nm; (b) signal intensity in Yb II 369.40 nm
    Calibration curves of performance of FSF-LIBS for detection of REEs in aqueous solutions. (a) Yb II 369.40 nm; (b) Sc II 361.38 nm; (c) Eu II 420.50 nm; (d) Y II 371.03 nm; (e) Dy II 353.17 nm; (f) Nd II 402.17 nm
    • Table 1. Calibration curve equations, R2, and LOD for REEs analysis based on FSF-LIBS

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      Table 1. Calibration curve equations, R2, and LOD for REEs analysis based on FSF-LIBS

      ElementEmission line /nmMass concentration range /(μg/L)Linear equationR2LOD /(μg/L)
      Yb369.400.5‒5.0Y=327.0x+87.60.950.368
      5‒100Y=96.6x+1168.00.952.152
      Sc361.380.5‒5.0Y=688.0x+78.30.990.317
      5‒100Y=209.1x+2055.00.971.042
      Eu420.500.5‒5.0Y=395.4x+143.60.990.434
      5‒100Y=87.1x+1720.40.961.970
      Y371.030.5‒5.0Y=387.4x+145.30.950.549
      5‒100Y=107.2x+1420.00.963.340
      Dy353.174‒50Y=8.2x+92.40.922.370
      Nd402.171‒10Y=238.9x+276.20.940.710
    • Table 2. Comparison of LOD between FSF-LIBS and other related works

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      Table 2. Comparison of LOD between FSF-LIBS and other related works

      ElementMethodStandard solution typeLOD /(mg/L)Reference
      EuFSF-LIBS6 elements mixed solution0.000434
      EuPlate evaporation (filter paper) LIBS3 elements mixed solution1.920
      EuLIBS2 elements mixed solution1.5410
      NdFSF-LIBS6 elements mixed solution0.000710
      NdSurface enhanced LIBS (Zn)4 elements mixed solution4.4821
      NdSpatial confinement assisted surface enhancement LIBS (C)6 elements mixed solution0.24118
      NdSurface enhanced LIBS (Al)5 elements mixed solution6.2722
    • Table 3. Detection results of REEs in groundwater samples (n=4)

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      Table 3. Detection results of REEs in groundwater samples (n=4)

      SampleSpiked /(μg/L)Found /(μg/L)Recovery /%Relative standard deviation /%
      Yb0
      Sc0
      Eu0
      Y00.241
      Dy0
      Nd0
      Yb4.53.95687.91730.8
      Sc4.54.17092.66730.5
      Y4.54.36291.58634.5
      Nd4.54.04589.91027.5
      Yb18.017.72498.46827.4
      Sc18.015.95588.64229.5
      Y18.015.89086.94110.7
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    Shijie Li, Mengfan Wu, Chuyan Zhang, Lingwei Zeng, Yu Rao, Guanghui Niu, Xingliang He, Weiheng Kong, Yixiang Duan. Flexible Superhydrophobic Film Combined with LIBS for Highly Sensitive and Rapid Analysis of Multiple Rare Earth Elements in Aqueous Solutions[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2025, 62(17): 1730003

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    Paper Information

    Category: Spectroscopy

    Received: Jan. 6, 2025

    Accepted: Feb. 26, 2025

    Published Online: Sep. 12, 2025

    The Author Email: Yixiang Duan (yduan@scu.edu.cn)

    DOI:10.3788/LOP250446

    CSTR:32186.14.LOP250446

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