Fig. 1. Microstructures of loach skin and shark skin and biomimetic design. (a) Microstructures of loach skin and shark skin; (b) partial enlargement; (c) biomimetic design

Fig. 2. Laser-silicone oil-heat treatment composite surface functionalization process. (a) Laser surface processing; (b) post-treatment process

Fig. 3. Comparison of three-dimensional morphologies and profiles of silicon carbide surfaces prepared under different laser processing parameters. (a) Untreated; (b) scanning speed is 20 mm/s, and scanning pitch is 100 μm; (c) scanning speed is 50 mm/s, and scanning pitch is 100 μm; (d) scanning speed is 150 mm/s, and scanning pitch is 100 μm; (e) scanning speed is 50 mm/s, and scanning pitch is 150 μm; (f) scanning speed is 50 mm/s, and scanning pitch is 200 μm

Fig. 4. SEM images of silicon carbide surfaces prepared under different laser processing parameters at different magnifications. (a) Untreated; (b) scanning speed is 20 mm/s, and scanning pitch is 100 μm; (c) scanning speed is 50 mm/s, and scanning pitch is 100 μm; (d) scanning speed is 150 mm/s, and scanning pitch is 100 μm; (e) scanning speed is 50 mm/s, and scanning pitch is 150 μm; (f) scanning speed is 50 mm/s, and scanning pitch is 200 μm

Fig. 5. XPS map and elemental distributions of silicon carbide surfaces under different treatment methods. (a) XPS; (b) atomic fraction

Fig. 6. Wettability behaviors of silicon carbide under different treatment methods. (a) Untreated; (b) laser processing; (c) silicone oil treatment; (d) LSH ; (e) LSHI

Fig. 7. Wetting models of water droplets. (a) Young model; (b) Wenzel model; (c) C-B model; (d) saturated C-B model

Fig. 8. Measured contact angles and sliding angles of silicon carbide surfaces under different laser scanning speeds and scanning pitches. (a) Scanning speed; (b) scanning pitch

Fig. 9. Contact angle changes of silicon carbide sample standing in air for 60 d

Fig. 10. Changes in contact angles of silicon carbide samples after friction for different cycles

Fig. 11. Self-cleaning experiment results of superhydrophobic silicon carbide surfaces. (a) Untreated surface; (b) superhydrophilic surface; (c) superhydrophobic surface

Fig. 12. Anti-icing test results of silicon carbide surfaces. (a) Untreated silicon carbide surface; (b) superhydrophobic silicon carbide surface