Researching | Reconfigurable spin-decoupled conformal metasurface: 3D-printing with independent beam shaping and multi-focusing dual-channel reconfigurability techniques

Photonics Research, Volume. 13, Issue 1, 150(2025)

Reconfigurable spin-decoupled conformal metasurface: 3D-printing with independent beam shaping and multi-focusing dual-channel reconfigurability techniques

Yang Fu¹, Xiaofeng Zhou¹, Houyuan Cheng¹, Yuejie Yang¹, Xiangli Zhou¹, Fan Ding², Jing Jin¹, and Helin Yang^1、*

Author Affiliations

¹College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China

²Hanjiang National Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China

show less

Full Text Get PDF

Figures&Tables (19)

References (39)

Paper Information

Figures & Tables(19)

Fig. 1. Curved surface working diagram. Generalized derivation of Snell’s law. In the absence of water: for LHCP and RHCP incidence, the metasurface operates in state 1, and the beams are deflected by 20° (green) and 35° (purple), respectively. In the presence of water: the metasurface operates in state 2 for LHCP and RHCP incidence, the electromagnetic wave propagates along the tangent line of the surface, and the spin-decoupled function disappears.

Download full size

View in Article

$Schematic diagram of the metasurface unit: (a) front view of the first layer, (b) structured water layer, (c) perspective view. Comparison of (d) S-parameters, (e) epsilon, and (f) refractive index for different water layers. Specific parameters are: L1=1 mm, L2=6 mm, W2=2 mm, h1=0.2 mm, h2=0.8 mm, h3=0.6 mm, h4=0.8 mm, h5=0.2 mm.$

Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the metasurface unit: (a) front view of the first layer, (b) structured water layer, (c) perspective view. Comparison of (d) S-parameters, (e) epsilon, and (f) refractive index for different water layers. Specific parameters are: L1=1 mm, L2=6 mm, W2=2 mm, h1=0.2 mm, h2=0.8 mm, h3=0.6 mm, h4=0.8 mm, h5=0.2 mm.

Download full size

View in Article

Fig. 3. Dimensions of the structure of the eight metasurface units.

Download full size

View in Article

Fig. 4. (a) Amplitude and phase diagrams of the eight metasurface units, (b) diagram of the co-polarized reflection phase with Lx for the incidence of linearly polarized electromagnetic wave, and (c) magnitude and (d) phase diagrams of the eight units reflections for the incidence of the circularly polarized electromagnetic wave.

Download full size

View in Article

Fig. 5. (a) Phase diagram of the metasurface unit I as the angle of rotation changes; (b) amplitude and phase diagram of the metasurface reflection in the presence of water.

Download full size

View in Article

Fig. 6. Calculation process of wavefront modulation on the curved metasurface.

Download full size

View in Article

Fig. 7. Phase calculation at the incidence of the circularly polarized wave.

Download full size

View in Article

Fig. 8. Phase calculation of beam deflection spin-decoupling.

Download full size

View in Article

Fig. 9. Electric field distribution without water at (a) RHCP and (b) LHCP incidence. Electric field distribution with water at (c) RHCP and (d) LHCP incidence.

Download full size

View in Article

Fig. 10. Comparison of experimental and simulated far-field. Far-field distribution without water at (a) RHCP and (b) LHCP incidence. Far-field distribution with water at (c) RHCP and (d) LHCP incidence.

Download full size

View in Article

Fig. 11. Curved surface-focused phase calculation.

Download full size

View in Article

Fig. 12. Curved surface-focused spin-decoupled phase calculation.

Download full size

View in Article

Fig. 13. In the state without water, electric field distributions at different cross-sections of the curved structure at the incidence of (a), (b) LHCP and (c), (d) RHCP.

Download full size

View in Article

Fig. 14. Electric field distributions at different cross-sections of the planar structure at the incidence of (a), (b) LHCP and (c), (d) RHCP.

Download full size

View in Article

Fig. 15. In the state with water, electric field distributions at different cross-sections of the curved structure at the incidence of (a), (b) LHCP and (c), (d) RHCP.

Download full size

View in Article

Fig. 16. (a) Physical model of multilayer metasurface, (b) top metasurface, (c) bent metasurface, (d) test environment diagram, and (e) test schematic diagram.

Download full size

View in Article

Fig. 17. (a) Resin fabrication process, (b) resin dielectric layer, and (c) metasurface-skin (see Visualization 1).

Download full size

View in Article

Table 1. 2-Bit Reflection Phase Corresponding to the Size and Geometric Orientation of the Metasurface Unit under the Circularly Polarized Wave

View in Article

Table 1. 2-Bit Reflection Phase Corresponding to the Size and Geometric Orientation of the Metasurface Unit under the Circularly Polarized Wave

	LHCP
RHCP	00	01	10	11
00	$L_{x} = 9.8 mm$	$L_{x} = 6.7 mm$	$L_{x} = 6 mm$	$L_{x} = 5.66 mm$
	$L_{y} = 5.5 mm$	$L_{y} = 5.05 mm$	$L_{y} = 4.5 mm$	$L_{y} = 2 mm$
	$θ = 0 °$	$θ = 22.5 °$	$θ = 45 °$	$θ = 67.5 °$
01	$L_{x} = 6.7 mm$	$L_{x} = 6 mm$	$L_{x} = 5.66 mm$	$L_{x} = 5.5 mm$
	$L_{y} = 5.05 mm$	$L_{y} = 4.5 mm$	$L_{y} = 2 mm$	$L_{y} = 9.8 mm$
	$θ = - 22.5 °$	$θ = 0 °$	$θ = 22.5 °$	$θ = 45 °$
10	$L_{x} = 6 mm$	$L_{x} = 5.66 mm$	$L_{x} = 5.5 mm$	$L_{x} = 5.05 mm$
	$L_{y} = 4.5 mm$	$L_{y} = 2 mm$	$L_{y} = 9.8 mm$	$L_{y} = 6.7 mm$
	$θ = - 45 °$	$θ = - 22.5 °$	$θ = 0 °$	$θ = 22.5 °$
11	$L_{x} = 5.66 mm$	$L_{x} = 5.5 mm$	$L_{x} = 5.05 mm$	$L_{x} = 4.5 mm$
	$L_{y} = 2 mm$	$L_{y} = 9.8 mm$	$L_{y} = 6.7 mm$	$L_{y} = 6 mm$
	$θ = - 67.5 °$	$θ = - 45 °$	$θ = - 22.5 °$	$θ = 0 °$

Table 2. Performance Comparison of the Spin-Decoupled Metasurface

View in Article

Table 2. Performance Comparison of the Spin-Decoupled Metasurface

Reference	Thickness (mm)/ $λ_{L}$	Plane/Curved Surface	Reconfigurable	Function	Fabrication
[29]	4/13%	Plane	No	OAM	PCB
[29]	4/13%	Plane	No	Meta-hologram	PCB
[26]	5/17%	Plane	No	Wavefront shaping	PCB
[14]	4/14%	Plane	No	Wavefront shaping	PCB
[27]	4/33%	Plane	No	OAM	3D printing
[27]	4/33%	Plane	No	OAM	PCB
[38]	0.06/20%	Plane	Yes	Wavefront shaping	PCB
[38]	0.06/20%	Plane	Yes	OAM	PCB
[31]	2.13/14%	Plane	No	Meta-hologram	PCB
This work	2.6/12%	Curved surface	Yes	Wavefront shaping	3D printing
This work	2.6/12%	Curved surface	Yes	Multi-focus focusing	PCB

Tools

Get Citation

Copy Citation Text

Yang Fu, Xiaofeng Zhou, Houyuan Cheng, Yuejie Yang, Xiangli Zhou, Fan Ding, Jing Jin, Helin Yang, "Reconfigurable spin-decoupled conformal metasurface: 3D-printing with independent beam shaping and multi-focusing dual-channel reconfigurability techniques," Photonics Res. 13, 150 (2025)

Download Citation

EndNote(RIS)BibTex Plain Text

Set citation alerts for article

Save article for my favorites

Paper Information

Category: Optical and Photonic Materials

Received: Jul. 15, 2024

Accepted: Oct. 31, 2024

Published Online: Dec. 20, 2024

The Author Email: Helin Yang (emyang@ccnu.edu.cn)

DOI:10.1364/PRJ.535340

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology