Fig. 1. Synthesis of lithium tantalate (a) Sol-gel preparation, (b) Spin-coating and curing, (c) Annealing

Fig. 2. (a) Fluorescence spectra of 2-HTA solutions at different concentrations, (b) Linear fitting function of peak fluorescence intensity to concentration

Fig. 3. (a) SEM image of Ti substrate, (b) SEM image of Ti-Pt substrate, (c~d) The cross-sectional SEM images with three times (c) and six times (d) of spin-coating and curing

Fig. 4. SEM images of LT surfaces prepared with six different synthesis parameters (a) Annealing temperature of 650 ℃, curing time of 15 min, and 24-h sol settling time; (b) Annealing temperature of 650 ℃, curing time of 15 min, and 48-h sol settling time; (c) Annealing temperature of 700 ℃, curing time of 15 min, and 48-h sol settling time; (d) Annealing temperature of 700 ℃, curing time of 10 min, and 72-h sol settling time; (e) Annealing temperature of 700 ℃, curing time of 15 min, and 72-h sol settling time; (f) Annealing temperature of 700 ℃, curing time of 20 min, and 72-h sol settling time

Fig. 5. Comparison of XRD peaks at six different synthesis parameters ① Different annealing temperatures; ② Different curing times; ③ Different sol settling time

Fig. 6. Particle distributions on surfaces with two different particle size and their SEM images

Fig. 7. (a) Mechanism of the pyroelectric effect leading to the temperature-dependent wettability; (b) Fluorescence spectra of TA solutions with different LT coatings and particle sizes; (c) Fluorescence spectra of hot and cold TA solutions after five heating and cooling cycles