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Acta Optica Sinica, Volume. 41, Issue 9, 0901001(2021)

Observation of Aircraft Wake Vortex Based on Coherent Doppler Lidar

Xiaoye Wang1, Songhua Wu1,2,3、*, Xiaoying Liu1, Jiaping Yin4, Weijun Pan5, and Xuan Wang5
Author Affiliations
  • 1Department of Marine Technology, College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
  • 2Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
  • 3Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
  • 4Qingdao Leice Transient Technology Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
  • 5Air Traffic Management Institute, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, Sichuan 618307, China
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    References (38)
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    Figures & Tables(25)
    Location and layout of wake vortex observation. (a) MNA; (b) CSIA(landing stage); (c) CSIA(take-off stage)

    Fig. 1. Location and layout of wake vortex observation. (a) MNA; (b) CSIA(landing stage); (c) CSIA(take-off stage)

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    Flow chart of dynamic matching of PCDL scan fragments and flight information

    Fig. 2. Flow chart of dynamic matching of PCDL scan fragments and flight information

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    Principle diagram of wake vortex identification with radial velocity method

    Fig. 3. Principle diagram of wake vortex identification with radial velocity method

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    Principle diagrams of wake vortex identification with spectral width method. (a) Distribution of spectrum intensity; (b) schematic of spectrum width calculation

    Fig. 4. Principle diagrams of wake vortex identification with spectral width method. (a) Distribution of spectrum intensity; (b) schematic of spectrum width calculation

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    Examples of wake vortex identification by PCDL with different methods (Type A333, 20180910T001839). (a) Radial velocity method; (b) spectral width method

    Fig. 5. Examples of wake vortex identification by PCDL with different methods (Type A333, 20180910T001839). (a) Radial velocity method; (b) spectral width method

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    Bimodal distributions of radial velocity and spectrum width (Type A320, 20180910T000220)

    Fig. 6. Bimodal distributions of radial velocity and spectrum width (Type A320, 20180910T000220)

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    Identification of vortex core horizontal position based on Dspeed,Dwidth and DR. (a)(b) 20180910T000138; (c)(d) 20180910T210542; (e)(f) 20180910T155221

    Fig. 7. Identification of vortex core horizontal position based on Dspeed,Dwidth and DR. (a)(b) 20180910T000138; (c)(d) 20180910T210542; (e)(f) 20180910T155221

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    Radial velocity versus elevation angle (Type A333, 20180910T111901). (a) Left vortex core; (b) right vortex core

    Fig. 8. Radial velocity versus elevation angle (Type A333, 20180910T111901). (a) Left vortex core; (b) right vortex core

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    Visualization of vortex core location (Type A333, 20180910T111901)

    Fig. 9. Visualization of vortex core location (Type A333, 20180910T111901)

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    Theoretical and measured distributions of tangential velocity. (a) Theoretical distributions of tangential velocity and initial circulation[37]; (b) distribution of tangential velocity measured by PCDL (Type A333, 20180827T153828)

    Fig. 10. Theoretical and measured distributions of tangential velocity. (a) Theoretical distributions of tangential velocity and initial circulation[37]; (b) distribution of tangential velocity measured by PCDL (Type A333, 20180827T153828)

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    Comparison of retrieved circulation and B-H model fitting (Type A333, 20181015T081139). (a) Left vortex core; (b) right vortex core

    Fig. 11. Comparison of retrieved circulation and B-H model fitting (Type A333, 20181015T081139). (a) Left vortex core; (b) right vortex core

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    Radial velocity based on wake vortex evolution of airbus A333. (a) 20180907T234926; (b) 20180907T234940; (c) 20180907T234954; (d) 20180907T235007; (e) 20180907T235035; (f) 20180907T235021; (g) 20180907T235049; (h) 20180907T235103; (i) 20180907T235117

    Fig. 12. Radial velocity based on wake vortex evolution of airbus A333. (a) 20180907T234926; (b) 20180907T234940; (c) 20180907T234954; (d) 20180907T235007; (e) 20180907T235035; (f) 20180907T235021; (g) 20180907T235049; (h) 20180907T235103; (i) 20180907T235117

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    Spectral width based on wake vortex evolution of airbus A333. (a) 20180907T234926; (b) 20180907T234940; (c) 20180907T234954; (d) 20180907T235007; (e) 20180907T235021; (f) 20180907T235035; (g) 20180907T235049; (h) 20180907T235103; (i) 20180907T235117

    Fig. 13. Spectral width based on wake vortex evolution of airbus A333. (a) 20180907T234926; (b) 20180907T234940; (c) 20180907T234954; (d) 20180907T235007; (e) 20180907T235021; (f) 20180907T235035; (g) 20180907T235049; (h) 20180907T235103; (i) 20180907T235117

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    Evolution of wake vortex core position and circulation of airbus A333(20180907T2349). (a) Vortex core position; (b) circulation

    Fig. 14. Evolution of wake vortex core position and circulation of airbus A333(20180907T2349). (a) Vortex core position; (b) circulation

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    Radial velocity based on wake vortex evolution of airbus B763. (a) 20180907T190201; (b) 20180907T190214; (c) 20180907T190229; (d) 20180907T190242; (e) 20180907T190256; (f) 20180907T190310; (g) 20180907T190324; (h) 20180907T190338

    Fig. 15. Radial velocity based on wake vortex evolution of airbus B763. (a) 20180907T190201; (b) 20180907T190214; (c) 20180907T190229; (d) 20180907T190242; (e) 20180907T190256; (f) 20180907T190310; (g) 20180907T190324; (h) 20180907T190338

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    Spectral width based on wake vortex evolution of airbus B763. (a) 20180907T190201; (b) 20180907T190214; (c) 20180907T190229; (d) 20180907T190242; (e) 20180907T190256; (f) 20180907T190310; (g) 20180907T190324;(h) 20180907T190338

    Fig. 16. Spectral width based on wake vortex evolution of airbus B763. (a) 20180907T190201; (b) 20180907T190214; (c) 20180907T190229; (d) 20180907T190242; (e) 20180907T190256; (f) 20180907T190310; (g) 20180907T190324;(h) 20180907T190338

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    Evolution of wake vortex core position and circulation of airbus B763 (20180907T1902). (a) Wake vortex core position; (b) circulation

    Fig. 17. Evolution of wake vortex core position and circulation of airbus B763 (20180907T1902). (a) Wake vortex core position; (b) circulation

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    Radial velocity based on wake vortex evolution of airbus A320. (a) 20180907T041914; (b) 20180907T041928; (c) 20180907T041942; (d) 20180907T041956; (e) 20180907T042010; (f) 20180907T042024

    Fig. 18. Radial velocity based on wake vortex evolution of airbus A320. (a) 20180907T041914; (b) 20180907T041928; (c) 20180907T041942; (d) 20180907T041956; (e) 20180907T042010; (f) 20180907T042024

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    Spectral width based on wake vortex evolution of airbus A320. (a) 20180907T041914; (b) 20180907T041928; (c) 20180907T041942; (d) 20180907T041956; (e) 20180907T042010; (f) 20180907T042024

    Fig. 19. Spectral width based on wake vortex evolution of airbus A320. (a) 20180907T041914; (b) 20180907T041928; (c) 20180907T041942; (d) 20180907T041956; (e) 20180907T042010; (f) 20180907T042024

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    Evolution of wake vortex core position and circulation of airbus A320 (20180907T0419). (a) Wake vortex core position; (b) circulation

    Fig. 20. Evolution of wake vortex core position and circulation of airbus A320 (20180907T0419). (a) Wake vortex core position; (b) circulation

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    Radial velocity and spectral width based on wake vortex evolution of airbus CRJ9. (a) 20180907T154531; (b) 20180907T154545; (c) 20180907T154559; (d) 20180907T154531; (e) 20180907T154545; (f) 20180907T154559

    Fig. 21. Radial velocity and spectral width based on wake vortex evolution of airbus CRJ9. (a) 20180907T154531; (b) 20180907T154545; (c) 20180907T154559; (d) 20180907T154531; (e) 20180907T154545; (f) 20180907T154559

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    • Table 1. Technical specifications of Wind3D 6000 PCDL

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      Table 1. Technical specifications of Wind3D 6000 PCDL

      ParameterValue
      Wavelength /nm1550
      Pulse repetition rate /kHz10
      Pulse energy /μJ160
      Pulse width /ns100-200
      Power consumption /W<300
      Radial velocity measurement range /(m·s-1)-37.5-37.5
      Velocity measurement uncertainty /(m·s-1)≤0.1
      Measurement range /m40-6000
      Range resolution /m15-30

    • Table 2. Experimental information of wake vortex observation in Sichuan

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      Table 2. Experimental information of wake vortex observation in Sichuan

      PhaseLocationDateScope
      Phase 1MNA20180806-20180821Observation of wake vortex during departing at MNA
      Phase 2CSIA20180825-20180920Observation of wake vortex during landing at CSIA
      Phase 3CSIA20180921-20181022Observation of wake vortex during departing at CSIA

    • Table 3. PCDL observation parameters and aircraft trajectory information of wake vortex observation experiment in Sichuan

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      Table 3. PCDL observation parameters and aircraft trajectory information of wake vortex observation experiment in Sichuan

      Parameter typeParameterSpecification
      PCDL observation parametersAzimuthal angle φ /(°)260(MNA)90(CSIA)
      Elevation angle θ /(°)0-25(phase 1)0-10(phase 2)0-30(phase 3)
      Scanning rate ω /[(°)·s-1]1-2
      Duration of each radial measurement Δt /sAbout 0.2
      Duration of each scanning t /s10-15
      Angle resolution Δθ /(°)0.1-0.4
      Aircraft trajectory informationTake-off run SD /m1500-3400
      Landing run SL /m1200-2600
      Maximum rate of climbing VC /(m·s-1)About 23
      Maximum rate of descending VD /(m·s-1)About 15
      Approach speed V0 /(m·s-1)66.9-75.1
      Characteristic speed /(m·s-1)1.33-1.90
      Characteristic time t0 /s13.3-36.7

    • Table 4. Dynamic parameters and wake vortex characteristic parameters of different aircraft types

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      Table 4. Dynamic parameters and wake vortex characteristic parameters of different aircraft types

      Aircraft typeWing span /mMaximum take-off weight /(103 kg)Maximum landing weight /(103 kg)Initial distance between right and left wake vortex cores /mInitial circulation /(m2·s-1)Dissipation time /s
      A33360.3023018542100/130111
      B76347.5715913635180/12097
      A32034.1686620170/18570
      CRJ923.2373314165/7728
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    Xiaoye Wang, Songhua Wu, Xiaoying Liu, Jiaping Yin, Weijun Pan, Xuan Wang. Observation of Aircraft Wake Vortex Based on Coherent Doppler Lidar[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2021, 41(9): 0901001

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    Paper Information

    Category: Atmospheric Optics and Oceanic Optics

    Received: Nov. 2, 2020

    Accepted: Dec. 2, 2020

    Published Online: May. 8, 2021

    The Author Email: Wu Songhua (wush@ouc.edu.cn)

    DOI:10.3788/AOS202141.0901001

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology