Fig. 1. (a) Initial light intensity distribution and (b) phase distribution of HIG modes with different orders

Fig. 2. (a) Intensity and (b) phase distribution of HIG modes with different orders at different distances

Fig. 3. Scintillation index of HIG modes under different turbulence intensities. (a) 2×10⁻¹⁶ m^−2/3; (b) 2×10⁻¹⁵ m^−2/3; (c) 2×10⁻¹⁴ m^−2/3

Fig. 4. Scintillation index of HIG modes at different turbulence inner scales. (a) l₀=0.1 m; (b) l₀=0.01 m; (c) l₀=0.005 m

Fig. 5. Standard deviation of spot centroid wander of HIG modes under different turbulence intensities. (a) 2×10⁻¹⁶ m^−2/3; (b) 2×10⁻¹⁵ m^−2/3; (c) 2×10⁻¹⁴ m^−2/3

Fig. 6. Intensity and phase distribution of LAVBs with different subbeam numbers at different distances

Fig. 7. (a) Standard deviation of spot centroid wander and (b) scintillation index of LAVBs at different distances

Fig. 8. The intensity distributions of different kinds of HIG_p,m beams

Fig. 9. Influence of ellipticity parameters on HIG beam transmission. (a) Scintillation index and (b) standard deviation of spot centroid wander of HIG_4,4 beams as a function of ellipticity parameter; (c) scintillation index and (d) standard deviation of spot centroid wander of HIG beams with different elliptic ring numbers