Fig. 1. The experimental staircase area.实验楼梯区域

Fig. 2. Single-story staircase three views.单层楼梯三视图

Fig. 3. (a) The relation of the density against the average flow when going upstairs; (b) the relation of the density against the average flow when going downstairs; (c) the relation of the density against the average flow when going upstairs and downstairs.(a) 上楼过程中楼梯区域平均流量-密度散点图及关系曲线; (b) 下楼过程中楼梯区域平均流量-密度散点图及关系曲线; (c) 上下楼过程中楼梯区域平均流量-密度散点图及关系曲线

Fig. 4. Walking space on the two-dimensional slope section.二维斜坡平面行走空间

Fig. 5. Discretization of space: a regular hexagonal cell.空间划分: 正六边形元胞

Fig. 6. Pseudo-color plots delineating the ratio of the number of pedestrians in each cell to the capacity of the cell at time steps 10, 30, 60, 90 and 110 in the process of going upstairs.上楼过程第10, 30, 60, 90及110时间步模拟结果伪彩图 (颜色深浅表示每个元胞内行人数量与元胞容量之比)

Fig. 7. Pseudo-color plots delineating the ratio of the number of pedestrians in each cell to the capacity of the cell at time steps 10, 30, 60, 90 and 110 in the process of going downstairs.下楼过程第10, 30, 60, 90及110时间步模拟结果伪彩图 (颜色深浅表示每个元胞内行人数量与元胞容量之比)

Fig. 8. Comparison of the fundamental density-flow diagram from the observation data (square marks) and the experiment (circle marks) (a) in the process of going upstairs, and (b) in the process of going downstairs.观测 (方形)与实验(圆形)流量-密度关系对比图　(a) 上楼过程， (b) 下楼过程

Fig. 9. Comparison of the fundamental density-flow diagram from the observation (square marks) and the experiment (circle marks) in the process of bi-directional movment .双向运动过程的流量-密度关系对比图

Fig. 10. (a) Fundamental density-flow diagram of the bi-directional pedestrian flow on the stairs before the stabilization process; (b) fundamental density-flow diagram of the bi-directional pedestrian flow on the stairs after the stabilization process.(a) 稳定状态之前楼梯区域双向运动的流量-密度关系图; (b) 稳定状态之后楼梯区域双向运动的流量-密度关系图

Fig. 11. Fundamental density-flow diagram of the bi-directional pedestrian flow on the stairs when (a) δ = 1.0 and θ = 0.8; (b) δ = 0.6 and θ = 0.8; (c) δ = 0.3 and θ = 0.8; (d) δ = 1.4 and θ = 0.8. 楼梯区域双向运动的流量-密度关系散点图　(a) δ = 1.0, θ = 0.8; (b) δ = 0.6, θ = 0.8; (c) δ = 0.3, θ = 0.8; (d) δ = 1.4, θ = 0.8

Fig. 12. Pseudo-color plots delineating the ratio of the number of pedestrians in each cell to the capacity of the cell during the walking process of bi-directional pedestrian flows on the stairs (upward flow in the left, downward flow in the middle, and bi-directional flows in the right) when δ = 1.0 and θ = 0.8 in (a), δ = 0.6 and θ = 0.8 in (b), δ = 0.3 and θ = 0.8 in (c), δ = 1.4 and θ = 0.8 in (d). 楼梯区域双向运动中上行行人（左）、下行行人（中）及双向行人（右）模拟结果伪彩图(颜色深浅表示每个元胞内行人数量与元胞容量之比)　(a) δ = 1.0, θ = 0.8; (b) δ = 0.6, θ = 0.8; (c) δ = 0.3, θ = 0.8; (d) δ = 1.4, θ = 0.8