Fig. 1. General information on the study area

Fig. 2. Workflow of intertidal flats mapping

Fig. 3. The results of each step of tidal flats extraction in the intertidal zone

Fig. 4. illustrates the spatial distribution of intertidal flats in Australia in 2020， showcasing notable regions including

Fig. 5. illustrates the area statistics of intertidal flats in Australia for the year 2020， showcasing

Fig. 6. Spatial distribution of sample points and sample points on tidal flat edge