253.7 nm Mercury‑Atom Cooling Laser System Based on Frequency Doubling Using CLBO Crystal

Jiahui Xie; Haiyang Song; Meifeng Ye; Jian Li; Shiyuan Zhu; Jijun Feng; Zhen Xu

doi:10.3788/CJL250646

Chinese Journal of Lasers, Volume. 52, Issue 17, 1701001(2025)

253.7 nm Mercury‑Atom Cooling Laser System Based on Frequency Doubling Using CLBO Crystal

Jiahui Xie^1,2,3, Haiyang Song^2,3,4, Meifeng Ye^2,3, Jian Li^1,2,3, Shiyuan Zhu^2,3,4, Jijun Feng¹, and Zhen Xu^1,2,3,4、*

Author Affiliations

¹School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China

²Wangzhijiang Innovation Center for Laser, Aerospace Laser Technology and System Department, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China

³Shanghai Key Laboratory of All Solid-State Laser and Applied Techniques, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China

⁴Center of Materials and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

show less

Abstract Get PDF(in Chinese)

References(38)

[1] Adams C S, Riis E. Laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms[J]. Progress in Quantum Electronics, 21, 1-79(1997).

[2] Xuan H W, Qu C, Zhao Z G et al. 1 W solid-state 193 nm coherent light by sum-frequency generation[J]. Optics Express, 25, 29172(2017).

[3] Takeda M, Furuki M, Yamatsu H et al. Deep UV mastering using an all-solid-state 266 nm laser for an over 20 GBytes/layer capacity disk[J]. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 38, 1837(1999).

[4] Oka M, Liu L Y, Wiechmann W et al. All solid-state continuous-wave frequency-quadrupled Nd: YAG laser[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 1, 859-866(1995).

[5] Zhao Z G, Xuan H W, Wang J C et al. Research progresses on vacuum-ultraviolet 193-nm band solid-state lasers[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 42, 1134010(2022).

[6] Campbell G K, Ludlow A D, Blatt S et al. The absolute frequency of the 87Sr optical clock transition[J]. Metrologia, 45, 539-548(2008).

[7] Barber Z W, Hoyt C W, Oates C W et al. Direct excitation of the forbidden clock transition in neutral 174Yb atoms confined to an optical lattice[J]. Physical Review Letters, 96, 083002(2006).

[8] Hachisu H, Miyagishi K, Porsev S G et al. Trapping of neutral mercury atoms and prospects for optical lattice clocks[J]. Physical Review Letters, 100, 053001(2008).

[9] Petersen M, Chicireanu R, Dawkins S T et al. Doppler-free spectroscopy of the 1S0–3P0 optical clock transition in laser-cooled fermionic isotopes of neutral mercury[J]. Physical Review Letters, 101, 183004(2008).

[10] Görtler A, Strowitzki C. Excimer lasers‒the powerful light source in the UV and VUV[J]. Laser Technik Journal, 2, 46-50(2005).

[11] Kobayashi T, Liu J, Kida Y. Generation and optimization of femtosecond pulses by four-wave mixing process[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 18, 54-65(2012).

[12] Shaftan T, Yu L H. High-gain harmonic generation free-electron laser with variable wavelength[J]. Physical Review E, 71, 046501(2005).

[13] Pan S L, Zhang F F. Research progress of new deep ultraviolet nonlinear optical crystals (invited)[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 61, 0116003(2024).

[14] Ashkin A, Boyd G, Dziedzic J. Resonant optical second harmonic generation and mixing[J]. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2, 109-124(1966).

[15] Wang X W, Xiang J F, Peng X K et al. Light source of rubidium cold atomic clock based on fiber laser amplification and frequency doubling[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 39, 0914002(2019).

[16] An H B, Niu L H, Su B H et al. Experimental study on intra-cavity frequency-doubling at 532 nm in an Yb-doped fiber laser[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 49, 071403(2012).

[17] Nikogosyan D N. Beta barium borate (BBO): a review of its properties and applications[J]. Applied Physics A, 52, 359-368(1991).

[18] Scheid M, Markert F, Walz J et al. 750 mW continuous-wave solid-state deep ultraviolet laser source at the 2537 nm transition in mercury[J]. Optics Letters, 32, 955-957(2007).

[19] Zhao R C, Fu X H, Zhang L et al. High-power continuous-wave narrow-linewidth 253.7 nm deep-ultraviolet laser[J]. Applied Optics, 56, 8973-8977(2017).

[20] Zhang Y, Liu Q X, Fu X H et al. A stable deep-ultraviolet laser for laser cooling of mercury atoms[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 139, 106956(2021).

[21] Takachiho K, Yoshimura M, Takahashi Y et al. Ultraviolet laser-induced degradation of CsLiB6O10 and β‑BaB2O4[J]. Optical Materials Express, 4, 559-567(2014).

[22] Mori Y, Kuroda I, Nakajima S et al. New nonlinear optical crystal: cesium lithium borate[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 67, 1818-1820(1995).

[23] Isaenko L, Vasilyeva I, Merkulov A et al. CsLiB6O10 crystals with Cs deficit: structure and properties[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 282, 407-413(2005).

[24] Yap Y K, Inoue T, Sakai H et al. Long-term operation of CsLiB6O10 at elevated crystal temperature[J]. Optics Letters, 23, 34-36(1998).

[25] Kawamura T, Yoshimura M, Honda Y et al. Effect of water impurity in CsLiB6O10 crystals on bulk laser-induced damage threshold and transmittance in the ultraviolet region[J]. Applied Optics, 48, 1658-1662(2009).

[26] Kaneda Y, Yarborough J M, Li L et al. Continuous-wave all-solid-state 244 nm deep-ultraviolet laser source by fourth-harmonic generation of an optically pumped semiconductor laser using CsLiB6O10 in an external resonator[J]. Optics Letters, 33, 1705-1707(2008).

[27] Burkley Z, Brandt A D, Rasor C et al. Highly coherent, watt-level deep-UV radiation via a frequency-quadrupled Yb-fiber laser system[J]. Applied Optics, 58, 1657-1661(2019).

[28] Shaw J C, Hannig S, McCarron D J. Stable 2 W continuous-wave 261.5 nm laser for cooling and trapping aluminum monochloride[J]. Optics Express, 29, 37140-37149(2021).

[29] Burkley Z, Rasor C, Cooper S F et al. Yb fiber amplifier at 972.5 nm with frequency quadrupling to 243.1 nm[J]. Applied Physics B, 123, 5(2016).

[30] Yoshida H, Fujita H, Nakatsuka M et al. Dependences of laser-induced bulk damage threshold and crack patterns in several nonlinear crystals on irradiation direction[J]. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 45, 766(2006).

[31] Divall M, Osvay K, Kurdi G et al. Two-photon-absorption of frequency converter crystals at 248 nm[J]. Applied Physics B, 81, 1123-1126(2005).

[32] Boyd G, Kleinman D. Parametric interaction of focused Gaussian light beams[J]. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 4, 353(1968).

[33] Freegarde T, Zimmermann C. On the design of enhancement cavities for second harmonic generation[J]. Optics Communications, 199, 435-446(2001).

[34] Shen D Z, Shen G Q, Wang X Q et al. A right cut method of Brewster angle to reduce the reflection of laser frequency doubler[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 34, 277-281(2002).

[35] Pan F, Wang X Q, Shen G Q et al. Cracking mechanism in CLBO crystals at room temperature[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 241, 129-134(2002).

[36] Vainio M, Bernard J E, Marmet L. Cavity-enhanced optical frequency doubler based on transmission-mode Hänsch–Couillaud locking[J]. Applied Physics B, 104, 897-908(2011).

[37] Ma L, Liu Q X, Song H Y et al. Multiple wavelength frequency stabilization with a single transfer cavity for mercury optical lattice clock[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 22, 103001(2024).

[38] Liu Q X, Zhang Y, Sun J F et al. Frequency-stabilized deep ultraviolet laser system based on optical phase-locked loop[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 50, 0701003(2023).

Tools

Get Citation

Copy Citation Text

Jiahui Xie, Haiyang Song, Meifeng Ye, Jian Li, Shiyuan Zhu, Jijun Feng, Zhen Xu. 253.7 nm Mercury‑Atom Cooling Laser System Based on Frequency Doubling Using CLBO Crystal[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2025, 52(17): 1701001

Download Citation

EndNote(RIS)BibTex Plain Text

Set citation alerts for article

Save article for my favorites

Paper Information

Category: laser devices and laser physics

Received: Mar. 31, 2025

Accepted: Apr. 21, 2025

Published Online: Sep. 14, 2025

The Author Email: Zhen Xu (xuzhen@siom.ac.cn)

DOI:10.3788/CJL250646

CSTR:32183.14.CJL250646

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology